{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:08:48Z","timestamp":1747188528004,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":340,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201010\u20102\u20100114 to ATL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201010\u20102\u20100114 to ATL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Do individuals with a patent foramen ovale (PFO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) have a lower lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide than those without (PFO<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>)?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>We found a lower rate constant for carbon monoxide uptake in PFO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> compared with PFO<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> women, which was physiologically relevant (\u22650.5 <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score difference), but not for PFO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> versus PFO<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> men. This suggests that factors independent of the PFO are responsible for our findings, possibly inherent structural differences in the lung.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TL<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub>) measure assumes that all cardiac output flows through the pulmonary circuit. However, right\u2010to\u2010left blood flow through a shunt can result in a lower transfer factor than predicted. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a potential source of right\u2010to\u2010left shunt that is present in \u223c35% of the population, but the effect of PFO on TL<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub> is unknown. We sought to determine the effect of PFO on the TL<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub>. We conducted a retrospective analysis of TL<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub> data from 239 (101 women) participants. Anthropometrics and lung function, including spirometry, plethysmography and TL<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub>, were compiled from our previously published work. Women, but not men, with a PFO had a significantly lower TL<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub> and rate constant for carbon monoxide uptake (<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub>) (percentage of predicted and <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score) than women without a PFO. Women and men with a PFO had normal alveolar volumes that did not differ from those without a PFO. Correcting the data for haemoglobin in a subset of subjects did not change the results (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a058; 25 women). The lower <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub> in women with versus without a PFO was physiologically relevant (\u22650.5 <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score difference). There was no effect of PFO in men. This suggests that factors independent of the PFO are responsible for our findings, possibly inherent structural differences in the lung.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep090176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T07:19:57Z","timestamp":1643008797000},"page":"243-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lower transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide in women with a patent foramen ovale"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4809-147X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa E.","family":"Schallerer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5542-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Duke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University  Flagstaff Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia P.","family":"Speros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler S.","family":"Mangum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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