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This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4\u00a0weeks of HIIT followed by 2\u00a0weeks of detraining on vascular function and traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescent boys. Nineteen male adolescents (13.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5\u00a0years) were randomly allocated to either a training (TRAIN, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) or control (CON, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09) group. Participants in TRAIN completed 4\u00a0weeks of HIIT running with three sessions per week. Macro\u2010 (flow\u2010mediated dilatation, FMD) and microvascular (peak reactive hyperaemia, PRH) function, body composition (fat mass, fat free mass, body fat percentage) and blood biomarkers (glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high\u2010 and low\u2010density lipoprotein, triacylglycerol) were assessed pre\u2010, 48\u00a0h post\u2010 and 2\u00a0weeks post\u2010training for TRAIN and at equivalent time points for CON. Following training, FMD was significantly greater in TRAIN compared to CON (9.88\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.40% and 8.64\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.70%, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.036) but this difference was lost 2\u00a0weeks after training cessation (8.22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.47% and 8.61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.99%, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.062). No differences were detected between groups for PRH (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.821), body composition (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.14) or blood biomarkers (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.18). In conclusion, 4\u00a0weeks of HIIT improved macrovascular function; however, this training period did not measurably change microvascular function, body composition or blood biomarkers. The reversal of the FMD improvement 2\u00a0weeks post\u2010training highlights the importance of the continuation of regular exercise for the primary prevention of CVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep090340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T05:34:15Z","timestamp":1677648855000},"page":"595-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The effect of 4\u00a0weeks of high\u2010intensity interval training and 2\u00a0weeks of detraining on cardiovascular disease risk factors in male adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8355-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha H.","family":"Kranen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University 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