{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:50:22Z","timestamp":1793303422264,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Do males and females differ in fatiguability during dynamic loadings, and what are the acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses to 20 versus 40% velocity\u2010loss resistance loadings? How does an 8\u2010week velocity\u2010loss resistance training period modify acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses in males and females?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Using resistance training methods that regulated the within\u2010set fatigue limit, males appeared to be more susceptible to fatigue than females before the training period. This between\u2010sex difference was diminished after training. The predominant mechanisms of fatigue from 20 and 40% velocity\u2010based resistance training appear to be within the musculature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scientific examination of velocity\u2010based resistance training (VBRT) has increased recently, but how males and females respond to different VBRT protocols or how these acute responses are modified after a period of training is unknown. Habitually resistance\u2010trained males and females followed either a 20 or 40% velocity\u2010loss programme for 8\u00a0weeks. Acute squat loading tests (five sets, 70% one\u2010repetition maximum load, 3\u00a0min rest) were performed before and after the training period. Tests of maximum neuromuscular performance and blood sampling were conducted before, within 10\u00a0min of completion (POST) and 24\u00a0h after each acute loading test. Testing included countermovement jump, resting femoral nerve electrical stimulation and bilateral isometric leg press. Blood samples were analysed for whole\u2010blood lactate, serum testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone and creatine kinase concentrations. Countermovement jump height, maximum isometric bilateral leg\u2010press force and the force from a 10\u00a0Hz doublet decreased in all groups at POST after 20 and 40% velocity loss. Only males showed reduced force from the 100\u00a0Hz doublet and voluntary force over 100\u00a0ms at POST before training. The 40% velocity loss led to increased blood lactate and growth hormone responses before training in both males and females. After training, more systematic and equivalent responses in force over 100\u00a0ms, force from a 100\u00a0Hz doublet and blood lactate were observed regardless of sex\/VBRT protocol. Overall, acute responses were greater from 40% VBRT, and males were more susceptible to acute loss in force production capacity before the training period. These VBRT protocol\u2010 and sex\u2010related differences were diminished after training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep090371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T17:29:59Z","timestamp":1659720599000},"page":"1046-1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses to 20\u00a0versus 40% velocity loss in males and females before and after 8\u00a0weeks of velocity\u2010loss resistance training"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroMuscular Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keijo","family":"H\u00e4kkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroMuscular Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roosa","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroMuscular Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashank","family":"Mane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroMuscular Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8070-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Bachero\u2010Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement and Sports Performance University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7184-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Pareja\u2010Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Performance and Sports Research Center Department of Sports and Computer Sciences Universidad Pablo de Olavide  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0833-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181915670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(84)90003-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.1993.10606684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-019-02265-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-120324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.2.821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.5.2271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00893.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21203"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Neuromuscular fatigue in males and females during strenuous heavy resistance loading","volume":"34","author":"H\u00e4kkinen K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198315060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.2.882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1139-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1996.192000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.1999.03128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.8.1146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04810-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.4.1442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1467489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050317"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"566","article-title":"Acute hormonal responses to submaximal and maximal heavy resistance and explosive exercises in men and women","volume":"19","author":"Linnamo V.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.18.3.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0951-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2017-0310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04925-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-2884-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1242815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213f880"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000058366.04460.5F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91220.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0685-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00914.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2653-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2013-0029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.041764"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.07.001"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP090371","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP090371","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP090371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T12:45:55Z","timestamp":1692794755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP090371"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP090371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep090371","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}