{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:27:29Z","timestamp":1783740449619,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000737","name":"University of Exeter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Does acute ketone monoester supplementation enhance the recovery of muscle force and modulate circulating cytokine concentrations after muscle\u2010damaging eccentric exercise?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Ketone monoester supplementation increased plasma \u03b2\u2010hydroxybutyrate concentrations but did not attenuate the reduction in muscle force or the increase in plasma inflammatory cytokine concentrations that occurred after eccentric exercise. Notably we report novel data demonstrating a reduction in plasma TRAIL concentrations after eccentric\u00a0exercise, highlighting TRAIL signalling as a possibly novel regulator of muscle recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle\u2010damaging eccentric exercise is associated with inflammation and impaired muscle force. \u03b2\u2010Hydroxybutyrate (\u03b2\u2010OHB) reduces muscle protein breakdown during inflammation but whether oral ketone monoester supplementation accelerates recovery of muscle force after eccentric exercise is unknown. Sixteen healthy males and females consumed thrice daily ketone monoester (27\u00a0g per dose; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 8; six females; KES) or isocaloric maltodextrin placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 8; four females; PLA) drinks (randomized, double\u2010blind, parallel group design) for 3\u00a0days beginning immediately after 300 unilateral eccentric quadriceps contractions during complete eucaloric dietary control (1.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0g\/kg BM\/day standardized protein). Bilateral muscle force measurements and venous blood sampling were performed before and 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72\u00a0h after eccentric exercise. Plasma \u03b2\u2010OHB concentrations were greater in KES compared with PLA at 3\u00a0h (0.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0mM, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.080) and 6\u00a0h (0.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.41 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.02\u00a0mM, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.031) post\u2010eccentric exercise. Relative to the control leg, isokinetic work (by 20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021% in PLA and 21\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019% in KES; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.008) and isometric torque (by 23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013% in PLA and 20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018% in KES; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt; 0.001) decreased from baseline at 3\u00a0h in the eccentrically exercised leg, and remained below baseline at 48 and 72\u00a0h, with no significant group differences. Of eight measured plasma cytokines, interleukin\u20106 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.008) and monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.024) concentrations increased after 6\u00a0h, whereas tumour necrosis factor\u2010related apoptosis\u2010inducing ligand concentrations decreased after 3\u00a0h (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.022) and 6\u00a0h (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.011) post\u2010exercise with no significant group differences. Oral ketone monoester supplementation elevates plasma \u03b2\u2010OHB concentrations but does not prevent the decline in muscle force or alter plasma inflammatory cytokine profiles induced by eccentric exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep090546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T05:19:29Z","timestamp":1663391969000},"page":"1339-1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Oral ketone monoester supplementation does not accelerate recovery of muscle force or modulate circulating cytokine concentrations after muscle\u2010damaging eccentric exercise in healthy males and females"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0156-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom S. 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