{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:09:37Z","timestamp":1789103377479,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol worsens obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This effect is thought to be due to alcohol's depressant effect on upper airway dilator muscles such as the genioglossus, but how alcohol reduces genioglossal activity is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on genioglossus muscle single motor units (MUs). Sixteen healthy individuals were studied on two occasions (alcohol: breath alcohol concentration \u223c0.07% and placebo). They were instrumented with a nasal mask, four intramuscular genioglossal EMG electrodes, and an ear oximeter. They were exposed to 8\u201312 hypoxia trials (45\u201360\u00a0s of 10% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> followed by one breath of 100% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) while awake. MUs were sorted according to their firing patterns and quantified during baseline, hypoxia and recovery. For the alcohol and placebo conditions, global muscle activity (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD peak inspiratory EMG\u00a0=\u00a0119.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a044.1 and 126.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a051.9\u00a0\u03bcV, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.53) and total number of MUs recorded at baseline (68 and 67, respectively) were similar. Likewise, the peak discharge frequency did not differ between conditions (21.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.28 vs. 22.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.08\u00a0Hz, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.09). There was no difference between conditions in the number (101 vs. 88, respectively) and distribution of MU classes during hypoxia, and afterdischarge duration was also similar. In this study, alcohol had a very minor effect on genioglossal activity and afterdischarge in these otherwise healthy young individuals studied while awake. If similar effects are observed during sleep, it would suggest that the worsening of OSA following alcohol may be related to increased upper airway resistance\/nasal congestion or arousal threshold changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep090580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T14:14:45Z","timestamp":1671459285000},"page":"491-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Joanne","family":"Avraam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine and Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian L.","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine and Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika D.","family":"Fridgant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiven Lee","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi Yi","family":"Koay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Greig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergal J.","family":"O'Donoghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine and Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Trinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8561-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy S.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine and Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00571.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.2_Pt_1.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1984.130.2.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820931087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.10.1389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.4.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.05.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Selective reduction of genioglossal muscle activity by alcohol in normal human subjects","volume":"129","author":"Krol R. C.","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Respiratory activity of genioglossus. Interaction between alcohol and the menstrual cycle","volume":"135","author":"Leiter J. C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00889.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278498"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.1529"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"1238","article-title":"Moderate alcohol ingestion increases upper airway resistance in normal subjects","volume":"132","author":"Robinson R. W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00940.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(90)90042-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90124-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63488-7.00004-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00797.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.252452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.4.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.3.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00738.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00478.2021"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP090580","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP090580","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP090580","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T07:06:39Z","timestamp":1710572799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP090580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP090580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep090580","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}