{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1792638808920,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury occurs when a substantial volume of muscle is lost by surgical removal or trauma, resulting in an irrecoverable deficit in muscle function. Recently, it was suggested that VML impacts whole\u2010body and muscle\u2010specific metabolism, which might contribute to the inability of the muscle to respond to treatments such as physical rehabilitation. The aim of this work was to understand the complex relationship between physical activity and the response to rehabilitation after VML in an animal model, evaluating the rehabilitation response by measurement of muscle function and whole\u2010body metabolism. Adult male mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024) underwent a multi\u2010muscle, full\u2010thickness VML injury to the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles and were randomized into one of three groups: (1) untreated; (2) rehabilitation (i.e., combined electrical stimulation and range of motion, twice per week, beginning 72\u00a0h post\u2010injury, for \u223c8\u00a0weeks); or (3) rehabilitation and restriction of physical activity. There was a lack of positive adaption associated with electrical stimulation and range of motion intervention alone; however, maximal isometric torque of the posterior muscle group was greater in mice receiving treatment with activity restriction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). Physical activity and whole\u2010body metabolism were measured \u223c6\u00a0weeks post\u2010injury; metabolic rate decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and respiratory exchange ratio increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022) with activity restriction. Therefore, restricting physical activity might enhance an intervention delivered to the injured muscle group but impair whole\u2010body metabolism. It is possible that restricting activity is important initially post\u2010injury to protect the muscle from excess demand. A gradual increase in activity throughout the course of treatment might optimize muscle function and whole\u2010body metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep090630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T13:58:00Z","timestamp":1663509480000},"page":"76-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Early initiation of electrical stimulation paired with range of motion after a volumetric muscle loss injury does not benefit muscle function"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1827-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alec M.","family":"Basten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota 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