{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:33:43Z","timestamp":1792708423689,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease increases in ageing females, coinciding with the onset of menopause. Differences in peripheral and cerebrovascular function across menopausal stages, however, are poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to compare peripheral and cerebrovascular function between healthy premenopausal (PRE), early (1\u20136 years after final menstrual period; E\u2010POST) and late (&gt;6 years after final menstrual period; L\u2010POST) postmenopausal females. We also explored the association between reproductive hormones, NO bioavailability and cerebrovascular function. In 39 females (40\u201365 years of age), we measured arterial stiffness, brachial artery flow\u2010mediated dilatation, and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hypercapnia in the middle (MCAv) and internal (ICA) carotid arteries. Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone and plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were also measured. Years since final menstrual period (PRE, 0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00 years; E\u2010POST, 3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 years; L\u2010POST, 11\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 years; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and estradiol levels (PRE, 145.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a065.6 pg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; E\u2010POSTm 30.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a081.2 pg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; L\u2010POST, 7.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.3 pg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) were different between groups. All groups exceeded the guidelines for recommended physical activity. There were no group differences in blood pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.382), arterial stiffness (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.129), flow\u2010mediated dilatation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.696) or MCAv CVR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.442). The ICA CVR blood flow response was lower in PRE compared with L\u2010POST (26.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.2\u00a0vs. 47.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.6%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.010), but after adjusting for age these differences were no longer present. Flow\u2010mediated dilatation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.313, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.105) and ICA CVR (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.154, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.495) were not associated with the estradiol concentration. There were no associations between the estradiol concentration and NO bioavailability. These results suggest that in healthy, physically active early and late postmenopausal females, vascular and cerebrovascular function is generally well preserved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep090813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T09:44:36Z","timestamp":1673257476000},"page":"518-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison of peripheral and cerebral vascular function between premenopausal, early and late postmenopausal females"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie L.","family":"Ruediger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7632-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faith K.","family":"Pizzey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodie L.","family":"Koep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6990-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff S.","family":"Coombes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Askew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VasoActive Research Group School of Health University of the Sunshine Coast  Sippy Downs Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Sunshine Coast Health Institute Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service  Birtinya Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8531-2780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom G.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00926.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"The Active Australia Survey: A guide and manual for 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