{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:02:06Z","timestamp":1769205726986,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methotrexate (Mtx) is used to treat various diseases, including cancer, arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. However, it induces oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation by stimulating production of reactive oxygen species and cytokines. Considering the positive effects of physical activity, our goal was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic role of continuous training (CT) on Mtx\u2010induced lung injury in rats. The rats were divided into five groups of 14 animals: a control group (C); a continuous exercise training group (CT; healthy rats that experienced CT); an acute lung injury with Mtx group (ALI); a pretreatment group with CT (the rats experienced CT before ALI induction), and a post\u2010treatment group with CT (the rats experienced CT after ALI induction). One dose of 20\u00a0mg\/kg Mtx intraperitoneal was administered in the Mtx and training groups. Forty\u2010eight hours after the last exercise session all rats were sacrificed. According to our results, the levels of tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and caspase\u20103 in the ALI group significantly increased compared to the control group, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010), forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), and T\u2010bet decreased. In contrast, compared to the acute lung injury group, pretreatment and treatment with CT reduced TNF\u2010\u03b1, MDA, MPO, GATA3 and caspase\u20103 and increased SOD, GPX, TAC, IL\u201010, FOXP3 and T\u2010bet levels. The effects of CT pretreatment were more significant than the effects of CT post\u2010treatment. Continuous exercise training effectively reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated Mtx\u2010induced injury, and the effects of CT pretreatment were more significant than the effects of CT post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep091162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T11:25:27Z","timestamp":1690457127000},"page":"1215-1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["RETRACTED: Comparison of preventive and therapeutic effects of continuous exercise on acute lung injury induced with methotrexate"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Mohammad\u2010Amin","family":"Rajizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Physiology Research Center, Institute of Pulmonary Physiology Kerman University of Medical 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Institute of Pulmonary Physiology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Rostamabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Immunology Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology Afzalipour School of Medicine Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Legal Medicine Research Center Legal Medicine Organization Kerman 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