{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:09:51Z","timestamp":1793326191781,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine how two common methods of continuous hypoxaemia impact the activity of intracortical circuits responsible for inhibition and facilitation of motor output, and spinal excitability. Ten participants were exposed to 2\u00a0h of hypoxaemia at 0.13 fraction of inspired oxygen ( clamping protocol) and 80% of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation ( clamping protocol) using a simulating altitude device on two visits separated by a week. Using transcranial magnetic and peripheral nerve stimulation, unconditioned motor evoked potential (MEP) area, short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF), and F\u2010wave persistence and area were assessed in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle before titration, after 1 and 2\u00a0h of hypoxic exposure, and at reoxygenation. The clamping protocols resulted in differing reductions in  by 2\u00a0h ( clamping protocol: 81.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3%,  clamping protocol: 90.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5%). Although unconditioned MEP peak to peak amplitude and area did not differ between the protocols, SICI during  clamping was significantly lower at 2\u00a0h compared to  clamping (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011) and baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), whereas ICF was higher throughout the  clamping compared to  clamping (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005). Furthermore, a negative correlation between SICI and  (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and a positive correlation between ICF and  (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.69, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) were determined, where greater reductions in  correlated with less inhibition and less facilitation of MEP responses. Although F\u2010wave area progressively increased similarly throughout the protocols (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.037), persistence of responses was reduced at 2\u00a0h and reoxygenation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) during the  clamping protocol compared to the  clamping protocol. After 2\u00a0h of hypoxic exposure, there is a reduction in the activity of intracortical circuits responsible for inhibiting motor output, as well as excitability of spinal motoneurones. However, these effects can be influenced by other physiological responses to hypoxia (i.e., hyperventilation and hypocapnia).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep091224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T14:09:44Z","timestamp":1691417384000},"page":"1203-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The severity of acute hypoxaemia determines distinct changes in intracortical and spinal neural circuits"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0298-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"McKeown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Control of Movement Laboratory Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Faculty of Society and Design Bond University Gold Coast Queensland 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