{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T15:36:48Z","timestamp":1769355408462,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly characterized by shortness of breath, coughing or expectoration. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD development, but only a small percentage of smokers develop symptoms, implying a genetic component. Glutathione <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010transferase enzymes are responsible for detoxifying cigarette smoke components. The role of glutathione <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010transferase T1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S\u2010transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene polymorphism was assessed with COPD susceptibility and associated clinical parameters in the North Indian population. This was a cross\u2010sectional study involving 200 COPD patients and 200 healthy individuals, with peripheral blood sampling and adequate questionnaires. Multiplex PCR was used for genotyping <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphism. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals to assess the COPD risk and <jats:italic>GST<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms. The <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> gene deletion rate was higher in COPD cases (34.5%) than in healthy individuals (20.5%). A statistical relationship between the <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>(\u2212) null genotype and COPD risk was observed (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.04, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.30\u20133.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0019). After adjusting for covariates like age, sex and smoking status, a significant association was found for <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>(\u2212) null genotype and COPD risk (adjusted odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.90, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.43\u20135.87, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). The <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>(\u2212) genotype was also significantly correlated with clinical parameters for COPD risk. Another primary observation was that females with the <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>(\u2212) null genotype were more vulnerable to COPD than males with the same gene deletion. The <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>(\u2212) null genotype strongly correlates with COPD development, while no association was observed in the <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic>(\u2212) null genotype in the North Indian population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep091339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T16:49:16Z","timestamp":1699634956000},"page":"302-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>GST<\/i> polymorphism as a predictive biomarker for modulating the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A North Indian study"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Harsh","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical College TB &amp; Chest Diseases Hospital  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Depanshi","family":"Pandit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidhartha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kranti","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical College TB &amp; Chest Diseases Hospital  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Girdhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical College TB &amp; Chest Diseases Hospital  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical College TB &amp; Chest Diseases Hospital  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical College TB &amp; Chest Diseases Hospital  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital  Pontiac Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9414-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology  Patiala Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Association of xenobiotic metabolizing gene polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Indian population","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12118"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Association of GSTM1 & HMOX\u20101 gene polymorphisms in COPD: A study from South Indian population","volume":"3","author":"Begum A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Science and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-012-9385-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00104904"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"626","article-title":"GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in patients with multiple breast cancers and breast cancer in association with another type of cancer","volume":"109","author":"Chiril\u0103 D. 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