{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:33:55Z","timestamp":1783650835278,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AHA 909014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHA 909014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study evaluated cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) across the menstrual\/pill cycle in naturally menstruating women (NAT women) and women using oral hormonal contraceptives (OCP women). In 21 NAT women (23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 years old) and 22 OCP women (23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03 years old), cardiovagal BRS and circulating concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were evaluated during the lower hormone (early follicular\/placebo pill) and higher hormone (late follicular to early luteal\/active pill) phases. During the lower hormone phase, cardiovagal BRS up, down and mean gain were lower in NAT women (15.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.3, 15.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.1 and 15.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.1\u00a0ms\/mmHg) compared with OCP women (24.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.4, 22.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.0 and 23.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.0\u00a0ms\/mmHg) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003, respectively), and higher oestrogen (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.15, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024), but not progesterone (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.06, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.18), concentrations were predictive of lower BRS mean gain. During the higher hormone phase, higher progesterone concentrations were predictive of lower BRS mean gain (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.12, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024). A multivariate regression model revealed group (NAT or OCP) to be a significant predictor of cardiovagal BRS mean gain in the lower hormone phase when hormone concentrations were adjusted for (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.36, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0044). The multivariate regression model was not significant during the higher hormone phase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). In summary, cardiovagal BRS is lower in NAT compared with OCP women during the lower hormone phase of the menstrual\/pill cycle and might be associated with higher oestrogen concentrations. In contrast, during the higher hormone phase of the menstrual\/OCP cycle, higher progesterone concentrations were predictive of lower cardiovagal BRS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep091394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T18:15:05Z","timestamp":1698257705000},"page":"1481-1489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Naturally menstruating women exhibit lower cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity than oral contraceptive users during the lower hormone phase"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2845-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara E.","family":"Mascone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dain W.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4746-7540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Eagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9982-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline K.","family":"Limberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1674-4285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushant M.","family":"Ranadive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00245.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00194.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02332974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1020639"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2003.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00921.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.212753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2005.01505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00501.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP089461"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00140.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.8.862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.13.1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00396.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-012-0346-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00162.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641950600912943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17772\/gp\/1660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003323"}],"container-title":["Experimental 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