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Glycaemic control is the maintenance of blood glucose concentrations within optimal levels and is governed by physiological variables including insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and \u03b2\u2010cell function. These can be measured with a plethora of methods, all with their own benefits and limitations. Deciding on the best method to use is challenging and depends on the specific research question(s). This review therefore discusses the theory and procedure, validity and reliability and any special considerations of a range common methods used to measure glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and \u03b2\u2010cell function. Methods reviewed include glycosylated haemoglobin, continuous glucose monitors, the oral glucose tolerance test, mixed meal tolerance test, hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, hyperglycaemic clamp, intravenous glucose tolerance test\u00a0and indices derived from both fasting concentrations and the oral glucose tolerance test. 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