{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:22:24Z","timestamp":1790803344818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001859","name":"Swedish National Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201000159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201000159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001859","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002946","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DLR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DLR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002946","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50WB2214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50WB2214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002946","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50WB2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50WB2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The current understanding of crew health maintenance is founded upon decades of physiological research conducted in terrestrial spaceflight analogues and in low Earth orbit, particularly on the International Space Station. However, as we progress towards the Lunar Gateway and interplanetary missions, it is imperative that the tools employed to maintain crew health are redefined, including the utilisation of exercise countermeasures. The successful implementation of exercise countermeasures for deep space missions must address a number of challenges, including those posed by new environments with elevated levels of cosmic radiation and solar particle events, extended mission durations and constrained space availability. In this Topical Review, the authors address points that are important (and sometimes critical), but often ignored, in order to define future exercise countermeasures for long\u2010duration space missions. Multi\u2010organ countermeasures, countermeasure enjoyment, time\u2010dependent load variability, the relationship between nutrition and the success of exercise countermeasures, and the individual variability in response to a given countermeasure are presented and discussed. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of important aspects that can profoundly influence the efficacy of exercise countermeasures, thereby affecting the health of the crew and the success of the mission during prolonged spaceflight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep091737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T05:21:04Z","timestamp":1739251264000},"page":"3983-3992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The search for the ultimate exercise countermeasure to preserve crew health and ensure mission success in long\u2010duration spaceflight"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2816-9855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Fernandez\u2010Gonzalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Unit of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Health and Integrative Physiology in Space German Sport University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Heer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IU International University of Applied Sciences, Health Sciences Erfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0739-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna\u2010Maria","family":"Liphardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 3 \u2013 Rheumatology &amp; Immunology Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen &amp; Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen &amp; Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1172-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01209.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061770"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.2.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00425.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(89)90102-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1957.10.3.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0018-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3881"},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cThere is only one motive \u2026 fun.\u201d Perspectives of participants and providers of physical exercise for people with Parkinson's disease","volume":"0","author":"Chakraverty D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00547"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01779-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000223730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-020-00111-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"European Space Agency. (2022).ESA roadmaps.https:\/\/esamultimedia.esa.int\/docs\/edu\/ESA_roadmaps_public.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0041-87812000000200003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01499.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.676501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.3206.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13461-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life4030295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00714.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"593","volume-title":"Stress challenges and immunity in space","author":"Heer M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00098.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00802.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.797604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/124.10.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.6.2090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.1.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00321"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2020.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","first-page":"204","volume-title":"Biomedical results from Skylab, NASA SP\u2010377","author":"Leach C. S.","year":"1977"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Regional muscle loss after short duration spaceflight","volume":"66","author":"LeBlanc A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-023-00258-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01013.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0197-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00635626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1036.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0945-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0955-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","article-title":"The impact of continuous calorie restriction and fasting on cognition in adults without eating disorders","author":"O'Leary J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31802b8d09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2016.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-024-03543-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1977.233.5.R208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289777"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.6.1356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/27697061.2023.2282614"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-013-0556-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-023-00256-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-060619-022943"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","volume-title":"Variability in human drug response","author":"Smith S. E.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.1.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.3.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","volume-title":"Human adaptation to spaceflight: The role of food and nutrition (NP\u20102021\u201003\u2010003\u2010JSC)","author":"Smith S. M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.276.6.E1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996486.0000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01051.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq3632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.17541120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01406.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy029"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP091737","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP091737","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP091737","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:58:14Z","timestamp":1788289094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP091737"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP091737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep091737","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}