{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:33:23Z","timestamp":1790127203667,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010exercise hot (HWI) and cold (CWI) water immersion are popular strategies used by athletes in a range of sporting contexts, such as enhancing recovery or adaptation. However, prolonged heating bouts increase neuroendocrine responses that are associated with perceptions of fatigue. Fourteen endurance\u2010trained runners performed three trials consisting of two 45\u2010min runs at 95% lactate threshold on a treadmill separated by 6\u00a0h of recovery. Following the first run, participants completed one of HWI (30\u00a0min, 40\u00b0C), CWI (15\u00a0min, 14\u00b0C) or control (CON, 30\u00a0min rest in ambient conditions) in a randomised order. Perceived effort and recovery were measured using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and the Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS), whilst physiological responses including venous concentrations of a range of neuroendocrine markers, superficial femoral blood flow, heart rate and rectal temperature were measured. Exercise increased neuroendocrine responses of interleukin\u20106, adrenaline and noradrenaline (all <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.001). Additionally, perceptions of overall recovery (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.001), mental performance capacity (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.02), physical performance capability (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.01) and emotional balance (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.03) were reduced prior to the second run. However, there was no effect of condition on these variables (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05), nor RPE (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.68), despite differences in rectal temperature, superficial femoral blood flow following the first run, and participants\u2019 expected recovery prior to the intervention (all <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.001). Therefore, athletes may engage in post\u2010exercise hot or cold\u2010water immersion without negatively impacting moderate\u2010intensity training sessions performed later the same day.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep091932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T15:24:37Z","timestamp":1720279477000},"page":"1505-1516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Post\u2010exercise hot or cold water immersion does not alter perception of effort or neuroendocrine responses during subsequent moderate\u2010intensity exercise"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2546-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Campbell","family":"Menzies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity, Sport &amp; Exercise Sciences Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1909-329X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil D.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences Birmingham City University  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5932-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J. A.","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of\u202fSport &amp; Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5405-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J.","family":"Steward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity, Sport &amp; Exercise Sciences Coventry University  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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