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Previous studies have used nasal airflow and\/or kinematic rib cage and abdominal measures to assess respiration surrounding swallowing, meaning that the direct influence of oral respiration on RSC remains unknown. This study used a partitioned oronasal facemask to compare respiratory phase patterns measured using isolated nasal airflow with those measured using combined oronasal airflow during non\u2010ingestive and ingestive swallowing tasks. Twenty\u2010four healthy individuals with no respiratory or swallowing disorders were assessed at rest and during cued dry, 10\u00a0mL water, continuous drinking and cracker swallowing tasks. Respiratory phase patterns were determined for discrete swallows using the nasal and combined oronasal channels separately. There was variable agreement between respiratory phase patterns according to the nasal and oronasal channels across swallowing conditions. The frequency of exhale\u2013swallow\u2013exhale, inhale\u2013swallow\u2013exhale and exhale\u2013swallow\u2013inhale patterns increased by 2%\u20133% each with the addition of oral flow data to nasal data, whereas the prevalence of inhale\u2013swallow\u2013inhale and ambiguous patterns decreased. This suggests that estimates of respiratory phase patterns are altered minimally by inclusion of oral respiratory estimates in a healthy sample. There were several additional findings of note, including lower within\u2010participant, within\u2010session trial consistency (test\u2013retest reliability) than expected, suggesting high variability in respiratory phase patterns across trials. Additionally, data showed evidence of swallowing non\u2010respiratory flow at the beginning and end of the respiratory\u2013swallowing pause, moving in both inward and outward directions, potentially expanding current understanding of swallowing non\u2010respiratory flow. Further in\u2010depth physiological investigations are required to improve understanding of these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T14:45:00Z","timestamp":1726152300000},"page":"1955-1966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Measurement of respiratory\u2013swallowing coordination using an oronasal facemask in healthy individuals"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1412-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rose Centre for Stroke Recovery and Research University of Canterbury  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Guiu 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