{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T23:03:07Z","timestamp":1776121387967,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54\u2010GM104942\u201005S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54\u2010GM104942\u201005S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21\u2010ES033026\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21\u2010ES033026\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSA 20 35320107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSA 20 35320107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The long\u2010term consequences of electronic cigarette (Ecig) use in humans are not yet known, but it is known that Ecig aerosols contain many toxic compounds of concern. We have recently shown that Ecig exposure impairs middle cerebral artery (MCA) endothelial function and that it takes 3\u00a0days for MCA reactivity to return to normal. However, the sources contributing to impairment of the endothelium were not investigated. We hypothesized that the increased levels of oxidative stress markers in the blood are correlated with impaired MCA reactivity. We used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to examine plasma from 4\u2010month\u2010old male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats that were exposed to either air (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05) or 1\u00a0h Ecig exposure, after which blood samples were collected at varying times after exposure (i.e., 1\u20134, 24, 48 and 72\u00a0h postexposure, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04 or 5 in each time group). The EPR analyses were performed using the redox\u2010sensitive hydroxylamine spin probe 1\u2010hydroxy\u20103\u2010carboxymethyl\u20102,2,5,5\u2010tetramethyl\u2010pyrrolidine (CMH) to measure the level of reactive oxidant species in the plasma samples. We found that EPR signal intensity from the CM<jats:sup>\u2022<\/jats:sup> radical was significantly increased in plasma at 1\u20104, 24 and 48\u00a0h (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05, respectively) and returned to control (air) levels by 72\u00a0h. When evaluating the EPR results with MCA reactivity, we found a significant negative correlation (Pearson's <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.0027). These data indicate that impaired cerebrovascular reactivity resulting from vaping is associated with the oxidative stress level (measured by EPR from plasma) and indicate that a single 1\u00a0h vaping session can negatively influence vascular health for up to 3 days after vaping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Does the time course of oxidative stress triggered by electronic cigarette exposure follow the cerebral vascular dysfunction?<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis shows that the oxidative stress induced after a single 1\u00a0h exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol takes \u226472\u00a0h to return to normal, which mirrors the time course for vascular dysfunction in the middle cerebral artery that we have reported previously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T04:40:19Z","timestamp":1722573619000},"page":"1420-1425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An electron paramagnetic resonance time\u2010course study of oxidative stress in the plasma of electronic cigarette exposed rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Murugesan","family":"Velayutham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"},{"name":"Center for Inhalation Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8898-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valery V.","family":"Khramtsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3505-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. Mark","family":"Olfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inhalation Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Performance, Division of Exercise Physiology West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-023-00426-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/162366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090964"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.0c00088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R5998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33203-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00110.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28723-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.104500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10742484231155992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e\u2010cigarette\u2010related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework","volume":"48","author":"Ding R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622319877741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00878.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106684"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2023.116631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00713.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319832975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00613.2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","article-title":"E\u2010cigarettes and cardiopulmonary health","volume":"2","author":"Tarran R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Function (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"1599","article-title":"Carbonyls and aerosol mass generation from vaping nicotine salt solutions using fourth\u2010 and third\u2010generation E\u2010cigarette devices: Effects of coil resistance, coil age, and coil metal material","volume":"36","author":"Tran L. 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