{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T04:04:17Z","timestamp":1774411457333,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32GM141739\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32GM141739\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined how resistance exercise (RE), cycling exercise and disuse atrophy affect myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein fragmentation. The 1boutRE study involved younger men (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08; 5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00a0years of RE experience) performing a lower body RE bout with vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies being obtained prior to and acutely following exercise. With the 10weekRT study, VL biopsies were obtained in 36 younger adults before and 24\u00a0h after their first\/na\u00efve RE bout. Participants also engaged in 10\u00a0weeks of resistance training and donated VL biopsies before and 24\u00a0h after their last RE bout. VL biopsies were also examined in an acute cycling study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a07) and a study involving 2\u00a0weeks of leg immobilization (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a020). In the 1boutRE study, fragmentation of all MyHC isoforms (MyHC\n                      <jats:sub>Total<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) increased 3\u00a0h post\u2010RE (\u223c200%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.018) and returned to pre\u2010exercise levels by 6\u00a0h post\u2010RE. Interestingly, a greater magnitude increase in MyHC type IIa versus I isoform fragmentation occurred 3\u00a0h post\u2010RE (8.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.3\u2010fold vs. 2.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u2010fold,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.018). In 10weekRT participants, the first\/na\u00efve and last RE bouts increased MyHC\n                      <jats:sub>Total<\/jats:sub>\n                      fragmentation 24\u00a0h post\u2010RE (+65% and +36%,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.001); however, the last RE bout response was attenuated compared to the first bout (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.045). Although cycling exercise did not alter MyHC\n                      <jats:sub>Total<\/jats:sub>\n                      fragmentation, \u223c8% VL atrophy with 2\u00a0weeks of leg immobilization increased MyHC\n                      <jats:sub>Total<\/jats:sub>\n                      fragmentation (\u223c108%,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.001). Mechanistic C\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      myotube experiments indicated that MyHC\n                      <jats:sub>Total<\/jats:sub>\n                      fragmentation is likely due to calpain proteases. In summary, RE and disuse atrophy increase MyHC protein fragmentation. Research into how ageing and disease\u2010associated muscle atrophy affect these outcomes is needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                          <jats:p>How different exercise stressors and disuse affect skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain fragmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold>\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                          <jats:p>This investigation is the first to demonstrate that resistance exercise and disuse atrophy lead to skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain protein fragmentation in humans. Mechanistic in vitro experiments provide additional evidence that MyHC fragmentation occurs through calpain proteases.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T13:09:21Z","timestamp":1724504961000},"page":"1739-1754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain fragmentation as a potential marker of protein degradation in response to resistance training and disuse atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Plotkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madison L.","family":"Mattingly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derick A.","family":"Anglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9894-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Max","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8079-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Godwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mason C.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Kontos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8797-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o G. A.","family":"Bergamasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUSCULAB \u2013 Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos \u2013 UFSCar  S\u00e3o Carlos SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00edra C.","family":"Scarpelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUSCULAB \u2013 Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos \u2013 UFSCar  S\u00e3o Carlos SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitor","family":"Angleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUSCULAB \u2013 Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos \u2013 UFSCar  S\u00e3o Carlos SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4694-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lemuel W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Professions University of Mary Hardin\u2010Baylor  Belton Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9810-602X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darryn S.","family":"Willoughby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Professions University of Mary Hardin\u2010Baylor  Belton Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. Brooks","family":"Mobley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas N.","family":"Kavazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8547-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Ugrinowitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sport University of S\u00e3o Paulo \u2013 USP  S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance The University of Tampa  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleiton A.","family":"Libardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUSCULAB \u2013 Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos \u2013 UFSCar  S\u00e3o Carlos SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7359-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqab029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.022350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2256-5857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00171.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3984-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318173db9b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.2001.00834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434100-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-168799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-1228fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst026s267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2011-1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.4.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00013796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12060898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284822"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3375-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00307.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2020.108267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2009.05310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2204427120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/physiologia1010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.2c00310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.1.E99"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.276.1.E118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00004.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00352.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14440\/jbm.2020.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.728683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00219.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05511-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05511-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815aedda"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00486.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2001.280.2.C239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91137.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00925.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0845-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports8010007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90532.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00685.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00170.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00711.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2314-z"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP092093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T14:18:17Z","timestamp":1763561897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP092093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP092093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep092093","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.05.24.595789","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}