{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:30:09Z","timestamp":1754483409480,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female development includes significant size changes across the breast. Yet, whether differences in breast surface area (BrSA) modify breast sensitivity to warm, cold and wetness, and the associated epidermal properties (skin thickness and surface roughness) remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between BrSA and thermal and wetness perception, as well as epidermal properties, in 21 females (2810 years) of varying breast sizes (BrSA range: 147\u2013502\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), at multiple breast sites (i.e., nipple, above and below the nipple, and bra triangle). Associations between BrSA and the perceptual and epidermal variables were determined via correlation analyses. Differences across test sites were assessed by repeated\u2010measures ANOVA. Our results did not support the hypothesis that larger breasts present reduced thermal and wetness sensitivity, except for the above nipple site, which presented reduced warm sensitivity with increasing BrSA (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.61, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). We also found a heterogeneous distribution of cold, but not warm or wetness, sensitivity across the breast, with the above nipple site presenting lower cold sensitivity than any other site (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.015). Our findings did not indicate any association between BrSA and epidermal properties (thickness and roughness), nor any site\u2010dependent variation in these anatomical parameters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.15). We conclude that, while some skin\u2010site (i.e., above the nipple) and perceptual modality\u2010dependent (i.e., warm sensitivity) differences were observed, BrSA\u2010dependent variations in thermal and wetness sensitivity were not a generalised feature of the skin covering the breast. These observations advance our fundamental understanding of breast sensory function, and they could inform the design of user\u2010centred clothing such as bras.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T20:39:11Z","timestamp":1732912751000},"page":"248-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of female breast surface area on cutaneous thermal sensation, wetness perception and epidermal properties"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2419-1716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Blount","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ThermosenseLab, Skin Sensing Research Group, School of Health Sciences The University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Valenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ThermosenseLab, Skin Sensing Research Group, School of Health Sciences The University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, SPPEFF Department University of Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ThermosenseLab, Skin Sensing Research Group, School of Health Sciences The University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Caggiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PressureLab, Skin Sensing Research Group, School of Health Sciences The University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Worsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PressureLab, Skin Sensing Research Group, School of Health Sciences The University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5652-395X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Filingeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ThermosenseLab, Skin Sensing Research Group, School of Health Sciences The University of Southampton  Southampton 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