{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:03:26Z","timestamp":1776276206971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005860","name":"Helsefonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22\u2010B\u20100038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22\u2010B\u20100038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3140\u201000028B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3140\u201000028B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Disuse induces a disproportionate loss of muscle force compared with muscle mass, with unclear effects on voluntary muscle activation (VA) and peripheral contractility. Furthermore, the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as a disuse countermeasure remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of NMES during bed rest on neuromechanical function to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying disuse\u2010induced reductions in muscular force. Young (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a016, 25 years old) and old (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a016, 71 years old) adults underwent 5 days of bed rest. One leg received NMES (3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a030\u00a0min\/day), while the other served as the control (CON). Maximal isometric knee\u2010extensor strength (MVIC), VA and peripheral muscle contractility were assessed before and after bed rest using the interpolated twitch technique, along with biomarkers of neuromuscular junction instability (C\u2010terminal agrin fragment (CAF)) and muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK)). MVIC decreased in both age groups, regardless of NMES (young: CON, \u221221.7 Nm and NMES, \u221223.8 Nm; old: CON, \u221218.5 Nm and NMES, \u221216.4 Nm). VA was preserved with NMES, while decreasing in CON legs (young, \u22128.1%; old, \u22125.6%) following bed rest. Peripheral contractility (resting doublet twitch force) was reduced in CON and NMES legs in both age groups (young: CON, \u22124.0 Nm and NMES, \u221211.5 Nm; old: CON, \u22125.9 Nm and NMES, \u221210.8 Nm), with a greater decrease in NMES legs. CAF remained unchanged, whereas CK levels increased in young participants, albeit remaining within the normal range. In conclusion, a decline in neuromechanical function was observed after 5 days of bed rest in young and old adults. Although NMES appeared to preserve VA, peripheral muscle contractility was altered, resulting in reduced MVIC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T16:04:13Z","timestamp":1743523453000},"page":"1966-1977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on voluntary muscle activation and peripheral muscle contractility following short\u2010term bed rest"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0594-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie K.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for\u00a0Clinical Age Research University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pernille","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for\u00a0Clinical Age Research University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania W.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans D.","family":"Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla M.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youssif","family":"Merhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptarment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Agarwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptarment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Aagaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Clinical Biomechanics Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars G.","family":"Hvid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"The Danish MS Hospitals, Ry and Haslev  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Agergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Dela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry Riga Stradins University  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Suetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for\u00a0Clinical Age Research University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200304000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2128-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01088-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2017.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.135392"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91220.2008a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00386.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318164f4b6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.633987","article-title":"The 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