{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:26:43Z","timestamp":1789068403322,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007437","name":"TrygFonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID101390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID101390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007437","name":"TrygFonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID20045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID20045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007437","name":"TrygFonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID125132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID125132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007437","name":"TrygFonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID177225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID177225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exercise training reduces tumour growth by increasing tumour\u2010infiltrating T\u2010cell density in preclinical models. However, it remains unknown whether exercise training can modify intratumoural T cells in humans.The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an exercise training intervention versus control on human prostate intratumoural T\u2010cell density.This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. We randomly allocated men (age\u00a0&gt;\u00a018 years) with treatment\u2010naive localized prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy 2:1 to exercise training intervention or control. The exercise intervention consisted of supervised, high\u2010intensity interval bicycling four times per week from the time of randomization until prostatectomy. Intratumoural CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell densities in diagnostic biopsies and postsurgical prostatectomy specimens were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Between\u2010group differences in changes from baseline to follow\u2010up were estimated using constrained baseline linear mixed\u2010effect models.A total of 30 participants were included (exercise intervention,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a020; control,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a010). We found no between\u2010group differences in changes in CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells [mean difference (95% confidence interval): \u221217 (\u2212185; 150) cells\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] or CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells [mean difference (95% confidence interval): \u221216 (\u2212206; 172) cells\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]. Additionally, we found no statistically significant correlations between changes in T\u2010cell density and the number of exercise training sessions attended or changes in maximal oxygen consumption.In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, we found no impact of the exercise regimen on tumour\u2010infiltrating CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell density in human prostate cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T07:29:26Z","timestamp":1740036566000},"page":"3000-3009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of exercise training on tumour\u2010infiltrating T cells in human prostate cancer: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (PRO\u2010TEST)"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Simon N\u00f8rskov","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Wriedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Hvidovre University Hospital  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne Gardar","family":"St\u00e6rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sissal Sigmundsdottir","family":"Djurhuus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitte Gr\u00f8nk\u00e6r","family":"Toft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Wiels\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"R\u00f8der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hasselager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Herlev and Gentofte  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Busch","family":"\u00d8stergren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Urology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Herlev and Gentofte  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Herlev and Gentofte  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Brasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper Frank","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1947-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise Lang","family":"Lehrskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Oncology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Herlev and Gentofte  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2365-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casper","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity Research Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","article-title":"To condition or not condition? Analysing \u2018change\u2019 in longitudinal randomised controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Coffman C. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00943-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","article-title":"Physical activity and mortality in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"4","author":"Friedenreich C. 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M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Oncology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Neoadjuvant exercise therapy in prostate cancer: A phase 1, decentralized nonrandomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Jones L. W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33432-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2022.100508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006587"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP092374","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP092374","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP092374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T01:20:13Z","timestamp":1781918413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP092374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP092374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep092374","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}