{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T12:37:16Z","timestamp":1780144636563,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperthermia can cause intestinal injury, facilitating endotoxin translocation and an inflammatory response that has been associated with heat illness. However, the potential occurrence of these responses has been incompletely reported during passive hyperthermia, and the independent effect of hyperthermia is equivocal. Furthermore, passive hyperthermia is a feature of heat therapy interventions, with mechanistic understanding developing. This experiment quantified the changes in intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP), a marker of intestinal injury, and cytokine, chemokine and growth factor responses during three different prolonged passive hyperthermia protocols. Eight healthy males visited the laboratory on four counterbalanced occasions to undertake 2.5\u00a0h of rest (CON), one\u2010leg heating (OLH), two\u2010leg heating (TLH) and whole\u2010body heating (WBH) via a garment circulating water at 50\u00b0C. Plasma concentrations of iFABP and 38 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were quantified periodically, and core temperature (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub>) was measured continuously. The <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub> increased from baseline in OLH, TLH and WBH (+0.4\u00b0C\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00b0C, +0.7\u00b0C\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00b0C and +2.3\u00b0C\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00b0C, respectively; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05) but remained unchanged in CON. iFABP increased from baseline in WBH only (\u2206587\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0651\u00a0pg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and was different from CON and OLH in WBH after 2\u00a0h (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). Increased iFABP (\u22061085\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0572\u00a0pg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was observed in 50% of participants at the end of WBH, with the other 50% demonstrating no change (\u220689\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019\u00a0pg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). All chemokines, cytokines and growth factors were unchanged in all protocols. These data indicate that passive whole\u2010body hyperthermia, but not lower\u2010limb hyperthermia, can cause intestinal injury in some individuals without a systemic inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T17:13:28Z","timestamp":1739380408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differential intestinal injury and unchanged systemic inflammatory responses to leg and whole\u2010body passive hyperthermia in healthy humans"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6777-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver R.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences Brunel University of London Uxbridge UK"},{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease (CPAHD) Brunel University of London Uxbridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2768-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Laitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences Brunel University of London Uxbridge UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Education and Human Studies, Department of School Education Akita University Akita 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