{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T14:12:38Z","timestamp":1767276758351,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Computed cardiopulmonography (CCP) is a technique that measures lung volumes (functional residual capacity and deadspace) together with novel parameters reflecting lung inhomogeneities (non\u2010uniformities in lung inflation and deadspace path length). First, highly precise measurements of gas exchange are made during a nitrogen washout with a purpose\u2010built molecular flow sensor. Second, an individual's lung physiology is then described by personalising the parameters of a bespoke cardio\u2010respiratory model obtained by fitting the model to the data. The present study examines the effects of participants\u2019 physical characteristics on these parameter values, and from this also provides preliminary estimates for normal ranges. Data from 92 healthy individuals (27% female, age 40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019 (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD) years, height 1.75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09\u00a0m, mass 74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014\u00a0kg) were used. A prediction equation for each CCP parameter was written as:\n                    <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u03b1 + \u03b2ln(age) + \u03b3ln(height) + \u03b4ln(BMI) + \u03b5(is_Female) + error, where BMI is body mass index. Non\u2010significant terms (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;\u00a00.1) were removed sequentially to identify just the significant characteristics. Physical characteristics exerted a large influence on volume\u2010related CCP parameters. In contrast, only age had a significant influence on inhomogeneity\u2010related CCP parameters. The prediction equations, together with their mean squared errors, were used to calculate\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010scores for CCP data from three previously published studies in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and early cystic fibrosis. Values for these\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010scores often lay beyond those commonly used to define a normal range (\u00b11.65). In conclusion, reference values for inhomogeneity\u2010based CCP parameters may only need correcting for age, and often appear as abnormal in airways disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T11:29:01Z","timestamp":1752751741000},"page":"300-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Computed cardiopulmonography: Effects of physical characteristics on lung parameter estimates"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8716-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Alamoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy &amp; Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences  Dhahran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas D. E.","family":"Bithell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3206-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas M. J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2999-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9259-3231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo S.","family":"Petralia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Institute for Breath Research University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Snapper","family":"Magor\u2010Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy &amp; Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haopeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9186-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick P.","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy &amp; Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1663-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant A. D.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5524-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayia","family":"Petousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0498-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy &amp; Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1911963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1948.154.3.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00289-2020"},{"volume-title":"Report of the Task Group on Reference Man","year":"1975","author":"ICRP","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.3.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(81)90062-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00436.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00764.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1951.10500769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00745.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00318.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00744.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2019-000531","article-title":"Novel measure of lung function for assessing disease activity in asthma","volume":"7","author":"Smith N. 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