{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:20:07Z","timestamp":1783095607935,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is difficult to control, putting the focus on foods and nutraceuticals. Cocoa has beneficial cardiovascular effects but generates large amounts of residues, such as cocoa shells, which contain bioactive molecules. In a rat model of hypertension (in males) induced by fetal\u2013maternal undernutrition (MUN), supplementation with cocoa shell extract (CSE) at 250\u00a0mg\/kg for 3\u00a0weeks reduced blood pressure, improving mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) vasodilatation. We aimed to investigate, in the same rats, the effect of supplementation on MRA remodelling and stiffening, assessing modifications in cellular and extracellular matrix and contractility. Structural and mechanical parameters were studied with pressure myography, vasoconstriction with wire myography, and cells, collagen and internal elastic lamina fenestrae with confocal microscopy. In comparison to sex\u2010matched control animals, MUN males and females showed a reduction in MRA diameter. However, only MUN males exhibited stiffening, reduced media and increased adventitial layer thickness, and augmented collagen content and noradrenaline\u2010induced contractions. CSE induced outward hypertrophic remodelling, with a normal wall\u2010to\u2010lumen ratio in all groups, and a hypertrophic effect on smooth muscle cells. In addition, in MUN males CSE reduced MRA adventitial collagen and improved elasticity. In conclusion, CSE supplementation induces MRA outward hypertrophic remodelling, possibly related to improved flood flow. In MUN hypertensive rats, the increased diameter and elasticity, associated with modification to the ratio of cells to extracellular matrix, might contribute to the blood pressure\u2010lowering effects of CSE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T04:29:38Z","timestamp":1746419378000},"page":"1838-1851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cocoa shell extract supplementation in hypertensive rats induces outward hypertrophic remodelling in mesenteric resistance arteries, reducing fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Pilar","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Ruvira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Abderrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Confocal Microscopy Service (SiDI), Faculty of Medicine Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metee","family":"Iampanichakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7442-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ramiro\u2010Cortijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia M.","family":"Arribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283644e26"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.046904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-018-3119-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hh1401.093575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.112117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05791","article-title":"Female mice are resistant to inward remodeling of parenchymal arterioles observed in male mice during angiotensin II\u2010induced hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Chambers L. 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