{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T15:11:04Z","timestamp":1778512264556,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG070469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG070469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG070469\u2010S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG070469\u2010S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL118154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL118154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG075788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG075788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL007936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL007936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30\u2010AG062715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30\u2010AG062715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001395","name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cerebral pulsatility is a potential marker of cerebrovascular health, yet little is understood about sex differences in cerebral pulsatility with age, especially within different cerebral arteries. Additionally, cerebral damping can blunt cerebral pulsatility and might decline with age. Therefore, we aimed to identify sex differences in cerebral pulsatility and damping across the adult lifespan. Forty\u2010three young, 67 middle\u2010aged and 54 older adults had cerebral haemodynamics measured in the internal carotid arteries (ICAs), middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and basilar artery using 4D flow MRI. Cerebral pulsatility index (PI) and damping factor (DF) were calculated. Young females had lower PI than young males in the ICAs (\n                    <jats:italic>p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.05 for both), and middle\u2010aged females had lower PI than middle\u2010aged males in the right ICA (\n                    <jats:italic>p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.01). In contrast, older females had greater PI than older males in the right ICA (\n                    <jats:italic>p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.01) and in the right MCA (\n                    <jats:italic>p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.05). Only the DF between the right ICA and MCA was lower in young females than in young males (\n                    <jats:italic>p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.001). Taken together, females experience greater age\u2010related elevations in cerebral pulsatility in comparison to males, especially within the proximal arteries of the anterior circulation. Damping was not different between males and females within the proximal arteries of anterior circulation, suggesting a different underlying mechanism. Overall, our findings suggest sex\u2010specific trends in cerebral pulsatility with age, although the mechanisms driving this require further exploration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:10:10Z","timestamp":1752970210000},"page":"568-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sex differences in cerebral pulsatility and damping: A 4D flow MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3151-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarean Harmoni A.","family":"Gaynor\u2010Metzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Norby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7874-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon G.","family":"Fico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3027-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Erin","family":"Moir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Loggie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2878-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen B.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Health and Exercise Science, Morrison Family College of Health University of St. Thomas St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1657-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam T.","family":"Corkery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna J.","family":"Howery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo A.","family":"Rivera\u2010Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sterling C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Wieben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin 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