{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:30:44Z","timestamp":1792467044487,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exercise in hot climates increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) disruption and respiratory illness. We investigated the effects of a 42\u00a0day prebiotic intervention on markers of intestinal epithelial injury, GI discomfort and immunity following football specific exercise in the heat and daily upper respiratory illness. Twenty\u2010six team\u2010sport male athletes were randomized to receive 3.65 (2.75 active galactooligosaccharide)\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u00a0<\/jats:sup>\n                    day\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of either Bimuno galactooligosaccharide (Bimuno\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    GOS;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 13) or a maltodextrin placebo (Placebo;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 13) for 42\u00a0days in a double\u2010blind parallel group design. At days 0 and 42 of each intervention, participants completed the football specific intermittent treadmill protocol in 33\u00b0C and 50% relative humidity. Blood, saliva and GI symptoms were collected at days 0 and 42 for the assessment of plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and GI discomfort. Participants also completed questionnaires for self\u2010reported upper respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms (daily and weekly, respectively), over the 42 days. At day 42, there was a reduction in pre\u2010full\u2010time change in plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein and severity of GI discomfort in the Bimuno\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    GOS group compared with Placebo, but no change in lipopolysaccharide binding protein. The day 0\u201342 change in sIgA secretion rate after the football specific intermittent treadmill protocol was higher in the Bimuno\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    GOS than the Placebo group, and during the 42\u00a0days there was a reduction in upper respiratory symptom duration and severity in the Bimuno\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    GOS group compared with Placebo. In team\u2010sport athletes, 42\u00a0days of supplementation with prebiotic Bimuno\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    GOS can alleviate GI disruption and better maintain sIgA secretion rate in response to football specific activity in the heat, whilst also reducing the duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:50:29Z","timestamp":1774363829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prebiotic Bimuno\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    GOS reduces illness symptoms and supports gut barrier function and immunity after intermittent exercise in the heat"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"given":"Connor J.","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke R.","family":"Butterfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty A.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham R.","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil C.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2420","article-title":"Early supplementation of prebiotic oligosaccharides protects formula\u2010fed infants against infections during the first 6 months of life","volume":"137","author":"Arslanoglu S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Textbook of work physiology: physiological bases of exercise","author":"\u00c5strand P. 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