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Given the circadian clock influences gastrointestinal physiology and immunity, we hypothesized that the peripheral circadian clock is altered in these patients and might contribute to immune activation associated with IBD and IBS.\u00a0To investigate this, RNA was extracted from whole blood obtained from control subjects (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a029), IBD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a040 ulcerative colitis,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a038 Crohn's disease) and IBS (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a038) participants to investigate peripheral clock gene expression via quantitative PCR. A linear regression model was used to assess the impact of the time of blood collection on clock gene expression. Self\u2010reported data regarding fatigue and sleep indices were compared between patients and control subjects. Gene expression analysis revealed variations in the peripheral circadian system between IBD, IBS and control subjects. The core clock gene\n                    <jats:italic>CRY1<\/jats:italic>\n                    had higher relative expression in IBS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.031) and ulcerative colitis patients (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.042) compared with control subjects. Patients with gastrointestinal disease demonstrated poorer quality sleep (IBS\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001, UC\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.025 and CD\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.007) and more troublesome sleep (IBS\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001, UC\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.002 and CD\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.009) compared with control subjects. These data suggest a role for\n                    <jats:italic>CRY1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression in patients experiencing fatigue and highlight a link between circadian dysregulation and the pathophysiology of intestinal disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T10:51:28Z","timestamp":1754477488000},"page":"946-962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Altered peripheral\n                    <i>CRY1<\/i>\n                    gene expression may contribute to both organic and functional gastrointestinal disease"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences &amp; Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma M.","family":"Paech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily C.","family":"Hoedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences &amp; Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Pryor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences &amp; Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheenie","family":"Nieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences &amp; Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences &amp; Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prema M.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences &amp; Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy D.","family":"Eslick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonne","family":"Sherwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences &amp; Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Pockney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Medical School University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Talley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Immune Health Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine &amp; 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