{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:39:37Z","timestamp":1791988777179,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Cross\u2010adaptation occurs when exposure to one environmental stressor (e.g., heat) induces protective responses to another (e.g., hypoxia). Although post\u2010exercise hot\u2010water immersion (HWI) induces heat acclimation, its potential to elicit cross\u2010adaptation remains unclear. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6\u2010week post\u2010exercise HWI intervention on exercise performance in hypoxia (O\n 2\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n =\u00a013%). Twenty healthy volunteers (28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0years; 47.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.9\u00a0mL kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ; 12 males, 8 females) completed interval cycling (4\u00d74\u00a0min at 90\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05% maximal heart rate, 3\u00d7\/week) followed by water immersion at either 34.5\u00b0C (control) or 42\u00b0C (HWI) for 40\u201350 min, five times per week. Following the 6\u2010week intervention, the post\u2010exercise HWI group exhibited lower resting heart rate (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.01,\n q<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.02;\n d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a0\u22121.32) and core temperature (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.01,\n q<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.001;\n d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a0\u22121.88) and elevated haemoglobin concentration (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.01,\n q<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.02;\n d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a01.38). Compared to the control group, the HWI group also showed greater improvements in time\u2010to\u2010exhaustion (TTE) trial (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n and\n q<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01;\n d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a01.2) under hypoxia, but not in aerobic peak power (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.03,\n q<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.08;\n d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.86) or peak oxygen consumption () (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.04,\n q<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.10;\n d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.82). Throughout the TTE, lower core temperature and tidal volume, with increased oxygen saturation and were observed (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n and\n q<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). During hypoxic steady\u2010state exercise at 60% of , the HWI group exhibited lower core temperature and higher peripheral oxygen saturation in hypoxia. No between\u2010group differences were observed in mean , respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate or rate of perceived exertion, nor in and aerobic peak power under normoxia (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n and\n q<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0>\u00a00.05). In conclusion, post\u2010exercise HWI enhances maximal exercise performance under acute hypoxia, likely due to increased haemoglobin concentration, lower core temperature and improved respiratory efficiency.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T11:32:09Z","timestamp":1746963129000},"page":"124-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Heat to hypoxia cross\u2010adaptation: Effects of 6\u2010week post\u2010exercise hot\u2010water immersion on exercise performance in acute hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8643-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Sport Science University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"School of Sport and Human Movement University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-6561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia L.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Science University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2166-7966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin S.","family":"Lawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Science University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heru S.","family":"Lesmana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Coaching Universitas Negeri Padang Padang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Hecksteden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Sport Science University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199112000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318063c6e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Time\u2010course for onset and decay of physiological adaptations in endurance\u2010trained athletes undertaking prolonged heat acclimation training","volume":"2","author":"Cubel C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.2.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/temp.29800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Adaptations: Some general characteristics","author":"Fregly M. 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