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Investigating both sexes is crucial for understanding sex\u2010specific manifestations of ASD. This study aims to examine ASD\u2010like behaviours and metabolic alterations in male and female rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA). Pregnant Wistar albino rats were administered 400\u00a0mg\/kg VPA or saline on embryonic day 12. Pups were subjected to various behavioural tests, including olfactory discrimination, sociability, locomotion, anxiety and exploratory behaviour assessments. On postnatal day 35, pups were sacrificed, and blood glucose levels were measured. Serum and brain leptin, orexin\u2010A, nesfatin\u20101 and ghrelin levels were assessed by the ELISA method. VPA\u2010exposed pups exhibited increased latency to reach maternal bedding, reduced sociability, decreased locomotion and increased immobility in both sexes. In the elevated plus maze, VPA\u2010exposed females showed an increase in open\u2010arm entries, while males showed a reduction compared to control groups. Blood glucose levels were significantly elevated in VPA\u2010exposed males but not females. Significant sex\u2010independent changes were observed in serum and brain levels of leptin and nesfatin\u20101 in the VPA groups. Brain orexin\u2010A and serum ghrelin levels were altered in the VPA group in a sex\u2010dependent manner. Prenatal VPA exposure induces ASD\u2010like symptoms in both sexes, with notable sex\u2010specific differences in behaviour and metabolic regulation. These findings highlight the importance of including both sexes in ASD research to better understand sex\u2010dependent characteristics of the disorder, particularly concerning metabolic dysregulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:46:05Z","timestamp":1757544365000},"page":"1228-1241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of metabolism\u2010related molecules in rat model of autism spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-0769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00fceda","family":"Tun\u00e7ak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Bursa Uluda\u011f University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Experimental Animal Breeding and Research Unit (DENHAB) Bursa Uludag\u0306 University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine\u2010 Physiology Bursa Uluda\u011f University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7729-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fen","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Bursa Uluda\u011f University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Experimental Animal Breeding and Research Unit (DENHAB) Bursa Uludag\u0306 University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8061-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00fclent","family":"G\u00f6ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Bursa Uluda\u011f University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Experimental Animal Breeding and Research Unit (DENHAB) Bursa Uludag\u0306 University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0841-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevzat","family":"Kahveci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Bursa Uluda\u011f University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Experimental Animal Breeding and Research Unit (DENHAB) Bursa Uludag\u0306 University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-020-00074-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06478"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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