{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:27:59Z","timestamp":1777559279518,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood flow in the inactive limb tissues and skin is widely thought to decline during incremental exercise to exhaustion due to augmented sympathoadrenal vasoconstrictor activity, but direct evidence to support this view is lacking. Here, we investigated the inactive\u2010forearm haemodynamic () and oxygenation responses to a range of two\u2010leg exercise intensities and durations in the heat. Blood oxygen and flow were measured in the forearm tissue and skin of endurance\u2010trained males during three incremental cycling exercise tests, with tests 1 and 2 separated by a 2\u00a0h bout of moderate constant load cycling exercise, all performed in the heat (35\u00b0C, 50% relative humidity, with fan cooling). In incremental exercise tests 1 and 3,  was stable from rest to \u223c40% <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>, before increasing by \u223c118% at 80% <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;0.001). Correspondingly, forearm skin arterio\u2010venous oxygen difference (a\u2010vO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> diff) decreased by \u223c62% at 80% <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.043), remaining reduced through to <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>. Concomitantly, forearm skin blood flow more than doubled, while forearm deep tissue O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> saturation decreased. When incremental exercise started shortly after constant load exercise (test 2),  was 2\u2010 to 3\u2010fold higher than during tests 1 and 3, whereas skin a\u2010vO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> diff was suppressed to a low level. Similar changes were observed during constant load exercise. In conclusion, skin perfusion increases during incremental exercise in the heat, concomitant to proportional reductions in oxygen extraction from the cutaneous circulation. Hence, contrary to the generally held view, skin perfusion remains elevated during maximal exercise and heat stress despite profound increases in sympathoadrenal activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:45:43Z","timestamp":1750275943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Increases in skin perfusion and blood oxygen in the non\u2010exercising human limbs during exercise in the heat: Implications for control of circulation"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1928-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Trangmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie School of Sport Leeds Beckett University  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8205-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences Brunel University of London  Uxbridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.1.123","article-title":"Reaction in man of resistance and capacity vessels in forearm and hand to leg exercise","volume":"21","author":"Beveg\u00e5rd B. 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