{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T01:12:30Z","timestamp":1776388350644,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AG049676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AG049676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG067471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG067471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults &gt;65 years of age experience deleterious health effects during extreme heat events at a greater rate than any other age cohort. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of acute intermittent hand and forearm (H+F) water immersion and\/or chronic (7 week) folic acid supplementation on reducing thermal and cardiovascular strain in older adults during heat stress. Twelve older adults (six female; 65\u201389 years of age) were exposed to 2\u00a0h of heat stress at 34\u00b0C and 77% relative humidity during seated rest, with and without H+F immersion, following folic acid or placebo supplementation. During immersion trials, participants immersed both H+F in cool tap water (\u223c20\u00b0C) for 10\u00a0min at min 60 and 90. Core temperature, skin temperature and heart rate were monitored continuously, and blood pressure and the rate\u2013pressure product were recorded every 10\u00a0min. Data were analysed as absolute changes and as a delta from min 50 (i.e., immediately before cooling). There was no effect of folic acid on any variable (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Absolute and delta core temperature, skin temperature and heart rate increased over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.041); however, H+F water immersion attenuated this increase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.046) after the first cooling bout. Likewise, absolute and delta RPP increased over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.047), but absolute RPP was attenuated with H+F water immersion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). These data suggest that intermittent H+F water immersion effectively attenuates thermal and cardiovascular strain for older adults at rest during heat stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T11:24:33Z","timestamp":1751887473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intermittent hand and forearm immersion in 20\u00b0C water attenuates thermal, cardiovascular, and perceptual strain in older adults during heat stress"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6567-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Cottle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, College of Health and Human Development The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5231-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kat G.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, College of Health and Human Development The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6934-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia K.","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0204-4093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lacy M.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, College of Health and Human Development The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Physiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1326-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. 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