{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T14:46:42Z","timestamp":1765637202471,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202103522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202103522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exercise and heat stress have been reported to independently provide benefits to brain health. We tested the hypothesis that 8\u00a0weeks of post\u2010exercise local heating, passive local heating only, or exercise training only improves cognitive performance compared to a control group. Sixty young, healthy participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a030 female, age: 23 [3] years) were randomised into one of four groups: control (CON), aerobic exercise (EX), local heating (HEAT), or combined heat and exercise (HEATEX). Participants completed supervised sessions three times per week for 8\u00a0weeks. Exercise sessions were completed at 70\u201375% of maximum heart rate on a cycle ergometer, and local heating sessions involved hot water immersion (42\u00b0C) of the feet (both 45\u00a0min duration). The HEATEX group performed both the EX and HEAT components sequentially in the same session (90\u00a0min total duration). Cognitive performance was measured at baseline and at the end of the 8\u2010week intervention using the digit symbol substitution task (DSST) and the Stroop test. There was a main effect of time (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001) where DSST performance improved; however, there was no group effect (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.089) or time by group interaction (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.119). There was no effect of the interventions on Stroop cost (baseline: 90 [SD: 70] ms; post\u2010intervention: 84 [SD: 70] ms; time by condition interaction\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.205). Similarly, there were no effects of the interventions on circulating plasma concentrations of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (interaction\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.189). Eight\u00a0weeks of exercise training and\/or local heating is not sufficient to improve cognitive performance in young, moderately fit individuals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T14:45:01Z","timestamp":1765637101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eight weeks of post\u2010exercise local heating does not improve cognition and plasma brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2981-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jem L.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2667-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoff B.","family":"Coombs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Applied Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Bangor University  Wales UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Pizzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keira","family":"Mattook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9851-3610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maureen J.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1782-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2012.01156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2021-0243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-160040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00141.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP276559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2817-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00682.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00630.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Physical activity of Canadian adults: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey","volume":"22","author":"Colley R. 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