{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:07:29Z","timestamp":1789848449678,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Attenuation of sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise (functional sympatholysis) contributes to skeletal muscle oxygen delivery\u2013utilization matching. However, the extent to which muscle contractions impact noradrenergic regulation of interstitial oxygen pressures (; the driving force for blood\u2013myocyte oxygen flux) is unknown. We tested the hypotheses that (1) muscle contractions would attenuate the noradrenaline\u2010induced reduction in muscle  compared to rest (thus indicating functional sympatholysis) in healthy rats, and (2) functional sympatholysis would be impaired in rats with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) but ameliorated with heat therapy. Skeletal muscle  was determined via phosphorescence quenching in anaesthetized healthy (Sprague\u2013Dawley,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a014) and HFpEF rats (obese ZSF1,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a020) at rest and during contractions following noradrenaline superfusion (5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>\u22124\u00a0<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0M). HFpEF rats underwent 8\u00a0weeks of heat therapy (HEAT,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a010) or control treatment (CON;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a010). Functional sympatholysis was evaluated based on the noradrenaline\u2010induced changes in  at rest and during contractions normalized to mean arterial pressure (\u0394\/MAP; %\/mmHg). Consistent with our hypothesis, muscle contractions attenuated the noradrenaline\u2010evoked  reductions in healthy rats (rest: \u22120.50\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23, contractions: \u22120.25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.16;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.05). Compared to healthy rats, the noradrenergic response at rest was exacerbated in HFpEF\u2010CON (\u22120.85\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.05) but restored in HFpEF\u2010HEAT (\u22120.61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;\u00a00.05). During contractions, the noradrenergic response was not different between HFpEF\u2010CON and HFpEF\u2010HEAT (\u22120.94\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.07 and \u22120.86\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09, respectively;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;\u00a00.05). Moreover, the magnitude of sympatholysis was lower in both HFpEF\u2010CON and HFpEF\u2010HEAT compared to healthy. Taken together, these results indicate that heat therapy failed to improve functional sympatholysis in HFpEF rats but restored the noradrenergic response in resting skeletal muscle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T12:13:41Z","timestamp":1753013621000},"page":"1875-1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Noradrenergic regulation of skeletal muscle oxygen pressures: Impact of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and heat therapy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Edward T. N.","family":"Calvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob M.","family":"Pontorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Zeidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taciane M. M.","family":"Pejon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos  S\u00e3o Carlos SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3312-2085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Belbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science Aurora University  Aurora Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott K.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology Embry\u2010Riddle Aeronautical University  Daytona Beach Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8883-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig J.","family":"Goergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Gavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno T.","family":"Roseguini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3873-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor A.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7861-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00450.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.011962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.6.H3131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(01)00195-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00247.2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2023.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00141.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.013153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00684.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00476.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.1.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00078.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac2022234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01041.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01523.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(73)90055-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.212753"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"e895","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich P. 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