{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:07:21Z","timestamp":1789848441090,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56HL134989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56HL134989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obesity is associated with adverse changes in brain structure and function, in part, through crosstalk between adipose tissue (AT) and the brain. AT releases small extracellular vesicles (sEV) that can cross the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) and modulate multiple pathophysiological pathways, including BBB function; however, this has never been investigated. We characterized circulating adipose tissue\u2010derived sEV (sEV\n                    <jats:sup>AT<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) in adults with overweight and obesity and examined their effects on the BBB. The impact of adiposity and weight loss on these outcomes was also examined. sEV\n                    <jats:sup>AT<\/jats:sup>\n                    were isolated from the plasma of 29 adults (79% male; 93% White; mean age 66.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.0 years; mean body mass index 36.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.8\u00a0kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) randomized to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) alone or CR plus a behavioural weight loss intervention (CR+WL). Following characterization of sEV\n                    <jats:sup>AT<\/jats:sup>\n                    size, concentration and total protein content, we assessed their effect on BBB permeability using an in vitro model. hCMEC\/D3 cells were treated with sEV\n                    <jats:sup>AT<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. Our findings show that sEV\n                    <jats:sup>AT<\/jats:sup>\n                    treatment decreased TEER by 40%, with a significantly lower TEER at 72 h compared with controls (23.138\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.209\u00a0vs. 28.724\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.613 \u03a9\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.012). TEER was also lower in participants with higher body mass index and body fat. However, we found no difference in TEER between the CR and CR+WL groups and no significant intervention effects on sEV\n                    <jats:sup>AT<\/jats:sup>\n                    characteristics or TEER. In conclusion, higher plasma sEV\n                    <jats:sup>AT<\/jats:sup>\n                    concentrations in adults with overweight and obesity are associated with greater adiposity, which might contribute to reductions in BBB function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T17:42:01Z","timestamp":1769622121000},"page":"1819-1830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adipose tissue\u2010derived small extracellular vesicles and blood\u2013brain barrier function in adults with overweight and obesity"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Shalini","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang\u2010Chi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagan","family":"Deep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1905-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina E.","family":"Brinkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0822-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-016-1446-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000141850.47773.5F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610204000353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21709"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","article-title":"Endothelial\u2010derived 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