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As such, changes in the vasculature with advancing age likely contribute to LOAD, but the mechanisms underlying these contributions remain incompletely understood. With advancing age, there is dysregulation of cerebral blood flow, impairment of neurovascular coupling, and increased blood\u2013brain barrier permeability, which may initiate or contribute to the neuropathology associated with LOAD. Changes to the vasculature outside of the brain, including increases in blood pressure and arterial stiffness, may initiate age\u2010related cerebrovascular impairments. Age\u2010related increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling, as well as contributions to LOAD\u2010related neuropathology, such as amyloid\u2010\u03b2 and hyperphosphorylated tau, impair cerebrovascular cells. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the role of vascular ageing in LOAD, describing age\u2010related cerebrovascular impairments and their causes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:33:57Z","timestamp":1775792037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contributions of vascular ageing to late\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3782-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Skylyn J.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5284-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Deanna","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley E.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014621","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and cognition among adults: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of observational and longitudinal studies","volume":"9","author":"Alvarez\u2010Bueno C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12606","article-title":"Cerebrovascular reactivity impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"29","author":"Alwatban M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00181","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and amyloid\u2010\u03b2 interact to affect memory performance in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"9","author":"Bangen K. 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