{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:45:12Z","timestamp":1761392712432,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We investigated the effect of exercising in hot conditions on cerebral blood flow and systolic left ventricular (LV) function in males and females, to explore sex differences. The experimental condition consisted of walking on a treadmill at 5\u00a0km\/h and 2% incline, inside a heat chamber at 40\u00b0C (50% relative humidity), for 90\u00a0min. Middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) were assessed at baseline and every 30\u00a0min by means of transcranial Doppler and speckle\u2010tracking echocardiography, respectively. Thirty\u2010eight individuals (19\u2640, 19\u2642) were recruited. Both males and females exhibited non\u2010significant increases in MCAv from baseline at 30\u00a0min (\u2642 \u0394\u00a0=\u00a02.55\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.15,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;\u00a00.05; \u2640 \u0394\u00a0=\u00a00.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.53\u00a0cm\u00a0s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;\u00a00.05; interaction\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.63). This was followed by a significant decrease at 60 (\u2642 \u0394\u00a0=\u00a0\u22124.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.23\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.04; \u2640 \u0394\u00a0=\u00a0\u22125.41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.56\u00a0cm\u00a0s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.03) and 90\u00a0min (\u2642 \u0394\u00a0=\u00a0\u22126.08\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.37\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.01; \u2640 \u0394\u00a0=\u00a0\u22127.39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.40\u00a0cm\u00a0s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.01). In males, there was a significant decrease in GLS from baseline at 60 (\u0394\u00a0=\u00a02.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.66%,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.049) and 90 (\u0394\u00a0=\u00a02.60\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.77%,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.036)\u00a0min; no significant changes were observed in females. The correlation between changes in GLS and MCAv was higher for males (\n                    <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0\u22120.631,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.069) than for females (\n                    <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.252,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.513). Males and females exhibited similar patterns of change in MCAv in response to a heat and exercise challenge. An exercise\u2010related reduction in GLS, and a higher correlation between changes in GLS and MCAv, were more apparent in males. These data suggest that sex differences may exist in the relationships between cerebrovascular and cardiac responses to exercise in the heat in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:40:09Z","timestamp":1761392409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex differences in cerebral blood flow and cardiac function in response to exercise in the heat"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6843-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4452-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliene G.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8542-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristanti W.","family":"Wigati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Medical Physiology and Biochemistry Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga  Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0913-7754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse L.","family":"Criddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie J.","family":"Collis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6210-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise H.","family":"Naylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard H.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5878-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane K.","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6947-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7312-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3226-2921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.6.0769","article-title":"Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries","volume":"57","author":"Aaslid R.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0071","article-title":"Exercise stress echocardiography of the pulmonary circulation: Limits of normal and sex differences","volume":"142","author":"Argiento 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D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2016.1156801","article-title":"Heat strain during military training activities: The dilemma of balancing force protection and operational capability","volume":"3","author":"Hunt A. 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D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02084.x","article-title":"Cerebral oxygenation is reduced during hyperthermic exercise in humans","volume":"199","author":"Rasmussen P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica (Oxford)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102741","article-title":"Sex difference in cerebral blood flow velocity during exercise hyperthermia","volume":"94","author":"Rivas E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Biology"},{"issue":"10465","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01822-1","article-title":"The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Facing record\u2010breaking threats from delayed action","volume":"404","author":"Romanello M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1974.54.1.75","article-title":"Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress","volume":"54","author":"Rowell L. 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H.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.046","article-title":"Geometry as a Confounder When Assessing Ventricular Systolic Function: Comparison Between Ejection Fraction and Strain","volume":"70","author":"Stokke T. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.831179","article-title":"Sex Matters: A Comprehensive Comparison of Female and Male Hearts","volume":"13","author":"St Pierre S. R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1113\/EP088293","article-title":"The influence of age and sex on cerebrovascular reactivity and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia in children and adults","volume":"105","author":"Tallon C. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00266.2021","article-title":"Sex differences in the physiological responses to exercise\u2010induced dehydration: Consequences and mechanisms","volume":"131","author":"Wickham K. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e410","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00073-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with short\u2010term temperature variability from 2000\u201319: A three\u2010stage modelling study","volume":"6","author":"Wu Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP092955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:40:14Z","timestamp":1761392414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP092955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP092955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep092955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"EP092955"}}