{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T15:06:17Z","timestamp":1771081577229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014748","name":"Clarendon Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Following acute COVID\u201019 infection, unvaccinated patients have been reported to exhibit elevated alveolar deadspace (\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n D,alv<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n ) and intrapulmonary shunt (\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n ) fractions. However, as there is uncertainty surrounding the upper limits of normal for\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n D,alv<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n and\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n , we sought to replicate the findings from a separate, previously reported cohort of COVID\u201019 patients that also included a healthy control group never infected with COVID\u201019. Data from 81 participants, classified into four different groups based on the severity of prior COVID\u201019 infection, were used. All participants had arterial blood\u2010gas samples drawn while highly precise measurements of their respiratory gas exchange were made. The gas exchange data were used to estimate alveolar and , and the differences between these values and the corresponding arterial blood\u2010gas values provided the alveolar\u2013arterial gradients from which\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n D,alv<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n and\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n were calculated. Mean\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n D,alv<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n was 0.115\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.062 and mean\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n was 0.014\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.011. No significant differences between the groups, including the uninfected control group, were detected for either\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n D,alv<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n or\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n , although if severity was instead treated as an interval measure, then a small increase in\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n with severity (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.00934) could be detected. Many participants, including controls, exceeded the originally proposed upper limit of normal for\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n D,alv<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n , whereas no participant exceeded the originally proposed upper limit for\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n . We conclude that prior infection with COVID\u201019 had no effect on\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n D,alv<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n and little effect on\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n s<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307Q<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n , and that the supposedly high values of\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n D,alv<\/jats:sub>\n \/\n \u0307V<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:sub>\n are within the normal range.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep092971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T13:20:34Z","timestamp":1756992034000},"page":"556-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alveolar deadspace and intrapulmonary shunt in healthy individuals and in individuals who have recovered from COVID\u201019 infection"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Snapper R. M.","family":"Magor\u2010Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5524-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayia","family":"Petousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9186-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick P.","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Medical Rehabilitation Stanford Hall Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2465-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Holdsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Academic Department of Military Medicine Royal Centre of Defence Medicine Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1663-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant A. D.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-009-9884-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00868.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02329.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1952.4.7.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00267.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.2.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00436.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30483-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Time\u2010courses of change in ventilation and arterial gas tensions in man induced by moderate exercise","volume":"58","author":"Matell G.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00318.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmilitary-2020-001681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Alveolar pressure, pulmonary venous pressure, and the vascular waterfall","volume":"19","author":"Permutt S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicina Thoracalis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916641117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1949.1.12.825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.8.815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.3.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00621.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.4.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.3.361"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP092971","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP092971","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP092971","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T14:19:24Z","timestamp":1771078764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP092971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP092971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep092971","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}