{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:34:10Z","timestamp":1788917650679,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to explore the primary afferent depolarization mechanism, to determine whether the soleus transspinal evoked potential (TEP), elicited through transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation over the L1\u2013L2 level, is modulated by presynaptic inhibition and heteronymous facilitation, similar to the Hoffmann (H) reflex, elicited by posterior tibial nerve stimulation. Twenty subjects participated in two experiments. Experiment 1 assessed D\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    inhibition by conditioning the H reflex and TEP with peroneal nerve stimulation at different interstimulus intervals (ISIs; ranging from 1 to 200\u00a0ms). Experiment 2 examined heteronymous facilitation of responses using femoral nerve conditioning stimulation (ISIs ranging from \u22121 to \u221210\u00a0ms). Conditioned responses (H\n                    <jats:sub>PSI<\/jats:sub>\n                    or TEP\n                    <jats:sub>PSI<\/jats:sub>\n                    and H\n                    <jats:sub>FAC<\/jats:sub>\n                    or TEP\n                    <jats:sub>FAC<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were compared with unconditioned ones (H\n                    <jats:sub>TEST<\/jats:sub>\n                    or TEP\n                    <jats:sub>TEST<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Concerning D\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    inhibition, results did not reveal any significant difference between the two responses (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.89 and\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.51 for D\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , respectively). Inhibition was observed at all ISIs for D\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and at the 100 and 200\u00a0ms ISIs for D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Facilitation patterns were also comparable between the two responses. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between the modulation of soleus TEP and tibialis anterior TEP (conditioning muscle during inhibition), whereas a positive correlation was obtained between soleus TEP and quadriceps TEP (conditioning muscle during facilitation). The similar modulations between the two responses suggest that TEP can be an alternative to the H reflex for studying spinal circuits, with the advantage of offering insight into the activity of multiple lower\u2010limb muscles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T14:43:32Z","timestamp":1753109012000},"page":"1191-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Use of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation to explore inhibitory and facilitatory circuits in muscles of the human lower limb"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2866-4091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Sordet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Inserm CAPS UMR 1093  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Papaiordanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Inserm CAPS UMR 1093  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5175-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Amiez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricit\u00e9 (LIBM), Univ Lyon Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1  Villeurbanne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3731-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Amiridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2351-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Quenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive\u2010R\u00e9animation CHU Dijon\u2010Bourgogne  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1335-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Inserm CAPS UMR 1093  Dijon 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