{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:31:31Z","timestamp":1790213491178,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Long\u2010duration spaceflight represents an extreme challenge, triggering adaptive responses including spaceflight\u2010associated neuro\u2010ocular syndrome, characterized by diminished visual acuity and ocular changes, which is a significant health risk for Mars missions. Concurrently, spacefarers experience brain adaptations, including ventricular expansion and CSF redistribution; however, the integrative physiological mechanisms linking these brain\u2013eye responses remain unestablished. We applied automated morphometric analysis to investigate brain\u2013eye relationships using high\u2010resolution MRI data from terrestrial control subjects and spacefarers, conducting correlation analysis between third ventricle volume and ocular parameters. Analysis revealed significant baseline correlations between third ventricle volume and multiple ocular parameters in healthy control subjects, including globe dimensions, optic nerve sheath volume, optic nerve length and retro\u2010orbital width. Following spaceflight, adaptations occurred: optic nerve sheath volume increased by 11.93\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.07\u00a0mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    (right) and 27.22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.74\u00a0mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    (left), and optic nerves lengthened by 0.38\u00a0mm (right) and 0.47\u00a0mm (left). The baseline analysis showed that multiple orbital structures were correlated with third ventricle volume, whereas longitudinal change analysis revealed selective associations: only globe changes were correlated with third ventricle expansion. This study demonstrates structure\u2010specific brain\u2013eye relationships consistent with CSF\u2010mediated coupling as a mechanism underlying spaceflight\u2010associated neuro\u2010ocular syndrome during the cranial microgravity response. Following spaceflight, third ventricle expansion is correlated selectively with globe changes, while dissociating from optic nerve sheath and retro\u2010orbital adaptations, providing quantitative evidence that microgravity creates differential biomechanical effects across orbital compartments. This supports CSF compartmentalization and the limited intracranial volume expansion (cranial ceiling effect) as underlying mechanisms. The findings illuminate the limits of brain elastic tissue expansion during intracranial fluid accumulation in astronauts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T14:25:09Z","timestamp":1768573509000},"page":"4209-4222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Physiological cerebrospinal fluid interactions between brain and eye structures are altered after long\u2010duration spaceflight"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4567-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ge","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuroradiology University Hospital LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Jillings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Jeurissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Imec\/Vision Lab University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tomilovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSC RF \u2013 Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Nosikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSC RF \u2013 Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2420-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ryabova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSC RF \u2013 Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Pechenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Research HSE University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Petrovichev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department Federal Centre of Treatment and Rehabilitation  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya","family":"Rukavishnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSC RF \u2013 Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sunaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational MRI Department of Imaging &amp; Pathology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Parizel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department Antwerp University Hospital &amp; University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Makovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fundamental Medicine Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Sinitsyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fundamental Medicine Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4225-2487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Sijbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imec\/Vision Lab University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitka","family":"Annen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Department of Data Analysis Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA\u2010Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge  Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"Centre du Cerveau<sup>2<\/sup> University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge  Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Laureys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA\u2010Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge  Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"Centre du Cerveau<sup>2<\/sup> University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge  Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelique","family":"Van Ombergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Translational Neurosciences \u2013 ENT University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7082-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed\u2010Ahmad","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floris L.","family":"Wuyts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3729-4570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter zu","family":"Eulenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuroradiology University Hospital LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Reproducibility and accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter assessment using ultrasound compared to magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"13","author":"B\u00e4uerle J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Central Neurology [Electronic Resource]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012023"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Optic nerve sheath diameter and spaceflight: Defining shortcomings and future directions","volume":"8","author":"Fall D. 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