{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:59:57Z","timestamp":1786114797289,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stroke remains a primary cause of disability globally. An in\u2010depth comprehension of gait impairments following a stroke is vital for crafting effective therapeutic interventions, and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) provide valuable insights into these mechanics. Eighteen stroke survivors within 90\u00a0days post\u2010stroke and 18 healthy controls participated in this study, completing a 2\u2010min walking trial on an instrumented treadmill to investigate vGRF signals using harmonic and power spectrum analysis. Significant interactions were observed in vGRF patterns between stroke survivors and controls, and between paretic and intact legs. The paretic leg of stroke survivors exhibited a significantly lower harmonic coefficient  (paretic: 61.71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.09% body weight vs. intact: 74.77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.65% body weight), a lower essential number of harmonics (paretic: 7.57\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.12 vs. intact: 10.87\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.76), a lower 99.5% power frequency (paretic: 4.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.10\u00a0Hz vs. intact: 4.71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.31\u00a0Hz), and a higher median power frequency (paretic: 0.43\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.03\u00a0Hz vs. intact: 0.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.01\u00a0Hz) compared to the intact leg. The paretic leg demonstrated a simplified waveform shape (inverse U) compared to the intact leg (M shape), which likely contributes to the reduced essential number of harmonics and 99.5% power frequency, and the paradoxical increase in median frequency. These findings quantify the mechanical consequences of post\u2010stroke neuromuscular deficits and highlight the potential of frequency domain analysis as a diagnostic tool, offering important implications for developing personalized rehabilitation strategies to improve outcomes in subacute stroke survivors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:09:34Z","timestamp":1773410974000},"page":"2528-2542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Harmonic and power spectrum analysis of vertical ground reaction force in patients who have a stroke within 3\u00a0months"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuisheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0620-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Hung","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Sid E. Williams Center for Chiropractic Research Life University  Marietta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00101-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Ground reaction force patterns in stroke patients with various degrees of motor recovery determined by plantar dynamic analysis","volume":"30","author":"Chen C. Y.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chang Gung Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.13.2.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2014.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2022.901331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2017.1292720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20154345"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quantifying gait impairment using an instrumented treadmill in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"2013","author":"Kalron A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Scholarly Research Network Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9111542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.07.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1402729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313505912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1199459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00969.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1340374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(83)90109-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Biomechanics and motor control of human movement","author":"Winter D. A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.07.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.629809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.850682"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP093186","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T21:37:22Z","timestamp":1785965842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP093186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP093186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep093186","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}