{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1789441526104,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was to evaluate comprehensively the therapeutic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>Abelmoschus esculentus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (okra) supplementation across the diabetes spectrum of key metabolic risk factors. A search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, up to 23 July 2025, to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of okra supplementation on metabolic risk factors in diabetes. Fourteen randomized controlled trials published between 2020 and 2025, including a total of 836 participants, were analysed. Okra supplementation led to significant reductions in 2\u00a0h postprandial glucose [weighted mean difference (WMD)\u00a0=\u00a0\u221222.39\u00a0mg\/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI): \u221241.39 to \u22123.38;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.021], fasting blood sugar (WMD\u00a0=\u00a0\u221223.66\u00a0mg\/dL, 95% CI: \u221234.20 to \u221213.12;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), glycosylated haemoglobin (WMD\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.30%, 95% CI: \u22120.59 to \u22120.02;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.034), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (WMD\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.59 units, 95% CI: \u22121.01 to \u22120.18;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.005), low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD\u00a0=\u00a0\u22128.55\u00a0mg\/dL, 95% CI: \u221214.42 to \u22122.68;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.004) and total cholesterol (WMD\u00a0=\u00a0\u221212.58\u00a0mg\/dL, 95% CI: \u221222.78 to \u22122.37;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a00.016) levels. The certainty of evidence was very low for most outcomes, except for diastolic blood pressure and glycosylated haemoglobin, which were rated as low. Regarding methodological quality, six trials were rated as good, two as fair and six as poor. Okra supplementation might improve glycaemic control and lipid profiles, indicating its potential as a complementary approach in diabetes management. Despite limitations from small and heterogeneous trials, these findings support future research on optimal dosing, safety and personalized applications in metabolic disease management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:22:24Z","timestamp":1773411744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Therapeutic potential of okra (\n                    <i>Abelmoschus esculentus<\/i>\n                    ) in dysglycaemia and metabolic dysfunction: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis across the diabetes spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7343-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Jafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Systematic Review and Meta\u2010analysis Expert Group (SRMEG) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helia","family":"Mardani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MohammadHossein","family":"Sahami Gilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helia","family":"Hemmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, SRC Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, SRC Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Larestan University of Medical Sciences  Larestan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nooshin","family":"Enayati Soofi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, SRC Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, SRC Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8960-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazaleh","family":"Eslamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4314\/njbas.v25i2.11","article-title":"Possible antidiabetic mechanism of action of Ex\u2010maradi okra fruit variety (Abelmoscus esculentus) on alloxan induced diabetic rats","volume":"25","author":"Abbas A. Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5812\/jjnpp-143074","article-title":"Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) intake improves lipid profile and liver transaminases in pre\u2010diabetic adults: A randomized double\u2010blinded trial","volume":"19","author":"Afsharmanesh M. R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/jjnpp-143074","article-title":"Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) intake improves lipid profile and liver transaminases in pre\u2010diabetic adults: A randomized double\u2010blinded trial","volume":"19","author":"Afsharmanesh M. R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.31788\/RJC.2020.1315555","article-title":"Effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fruit extract in improving insulin sensitivity by modifying glucose\u2010regulating gene expression","volume":"13","author":"Aligita W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rasayan Journal of Chemistry"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2020.1815249","article-title":"Okra modulates regulatory enzymes and metabolites of glucose\u2010utilizing pathways in diabetic rats","volume":"40","author":"Amadi J. 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