{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:49:34Z","timestamp":1792115374323,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Due to a lack of technical capacity to directly visualise and quantify microvessels in the skin, little is known regarding regional and\/or sex differences. We compared diameter, velocity, flow and density at four regional sites using a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) approach. OCT and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were performed on the back, forearm, foot and thigh in 30 healthy adults (15\u2642 15\u2640; 31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06years) at rest (33\u00b0C) and after 30 min of local heating (LH; 44\u00b0C). At baseline, larger diameter, speed, flow, density and LDF flux were recorded on the back than other sites (\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.017). In response to LH, the smallest changes in OCT\u2010derived diameter were observed on the back (\u039412\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00a0\u00b5m) and foot (\u039413\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00a0\u00b5m vs. forearm 17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0\u00b5m; thigh \u039418\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0\u00b5m, all\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.005 vs. foot, back). The back exhibited the smallest change in density (back \u039419\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07%, forearm \u039424\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05%, thigh \u039426\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06%, foot \u039426\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08%,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.02\u00a0vs. back) whilst the foot exhibited the smallest changes in speed (foot \u039427\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014, back \u039458\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022, forearm \u039447\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017, thigh \u039448\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011\u00a0\u00b5m\/s,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001 vs. foot) and flow (\u0394135\u00a0\u00b1\u00a060, back \u0394204\u00a0\u00b1\u00a076, forearm \u0394212\u00a0\u00b1\u00a060, thigh \u0394247\u00a0\u00b1\u00a051\u00a0\u00b5L\/s,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.001 vs. foot). When sites were grouped, males had larger baseline diameters (\u2642 45\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03 vs. \u2640 42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0\u00b5m,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.019) and flows (\u2642 109\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020 vs. \u2640 93\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00a0\u00b5L\/s,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.025) whilst females exhibited larger LH\u2010induced changes in speed in the thigh (\u2640 \u039453\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010 vs. \u2642 \u039443\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0\u00b5m\/s,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.014) and density in the forearm (\u2640 \u039426\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 vs. \u2642 \u039421%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.006). Regional differences exist in OCT\u2010derived cutaneous microvascular diameter, speed, flow and density at baseline and in response to LH. Males showed larger cutaneous diameter and flow at baseline, while females exhibited larger changes in the speed and density outcomes in response to local heating.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:13:37Z","timestamp":1765368817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quantifying microvascular responses to local heating using optical coherence tomography: Comparison between skin sites and sex differences"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"given":"Juliene G.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristanti W.","family":"Wigati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Medical Physiology and Biochemistry Department Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga  Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise H.","family":"Naylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Science Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing University of Adelaide  Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering The University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001479"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"458","article-title":"Regional differences of vasodilatation and vasomotion response to local heating in human cutaneous microcirculation","volume":"44","author":"Balaz D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Vascular 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