{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:08:58Z","timestamp":1789848538881,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    While exercise induces physiological cardiac growth, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the role of cardiac telocytes (TCs) and the Janus kinase (JAK)\/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in mediating exercise intensity\u2010dependent cardiac adaptation. Twenty\u2010four male Wistar rats were assigned to control (CTRL), high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) or low\u2010intensity interval training (LIIT) groups for 8\u00a0weeks. Physiological hypertrophy was assessed via heart weight\/body weight ratio, left ventricular wall thickness, cardiomyocyte size and number. Cardiac TCs were quantified by immunofluorescence (CD34\u2013platelet\u2010derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)\u2010\u03b1\/\u03b2). Gene expression of IL\u20106, cardiotrophin\u20101 (CTF1), GP130, JAK2, STAT3 and GATA4 was analysed by qPCR, and interleukin (IL)\u20106 protein levels were measured by ELISA. Both HIIT and LIIT robustly induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyogenesis, with HIIT producing a significantly greater response. This was accompanied by a significant, intensity\u2010dependent expansion of the cardiac TC population in both HIIT and LIIT groups compared to CTRL, with HIIT inducing a greater increase than LIIT (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Furthermore, GATA4 expression, a marker of cardiac stem cell activation, was significantly upregulated in both trained groups. While cardiac IL\u20106 gene expression and protein levels were elevated, particularly after HIIT (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.003), the core components of the JAK\/STAT pathway (GP130, JAK2, STAT3) remained transcriptionally unaltered. Our findings establish cardiac TCs as novel, intensity\u2010sensing cellular mediators of exercise\u2010induced physiological growth. The adaptive process, linked to stem cell activation, occurs without concomitant transcriptional upregulation of the core JAK\/STAT signalling pathway components, suggesting the involvement of alternative, potentially non\u2010canonical, mechanistic pathways. This highlights the TC\u2013cardiac stem cell axis as a potential target for optimizing exercise regimens for cardiac repair.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T03:44:41Z","timestamp":1769917481000},"page":"1766-1780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise intensity\u2010dependent cardiac telocyte expansion is associated with physiological growth despite JAK\/STAT pathway inactivity in male Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0468-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Borjian Fard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siroos","family":"Choobineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahman","family":"Soori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Mazaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic medical science research center histogenotech company  Tehran 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