{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:29:00Z","timestamp":1789093740746,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sedentary behaviour is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In healthy adults, prolonged uninterrupted sitting acutely increases blood pressure (BP) and aortic stiffness; however, these effects can be mitigated with light physical activity interruptions. Whether such mitigation strategies are effective in at\u2010risk populations remains unclear. This study examined the effects of uninterrupted and interrupted sitting on BP and arterial stiffness, measured by carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and femoral\u2010ankle PWV in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). Using a randomised cross\u2010over design, 14 CHD patients sat for 2\u00a0h uninterrupted (control [CON]), and 2\u00a0h interrupted with light physical activity (sit\u2010to\u2010stand, calf raises and walking) breaks every 30\u00a0min (ACT). Brachial BP and cfPWV were assessed immediately pre\u2010 and post\u2010sitting. Time\u2010by\u2010condition effects were tested using linear mixed effects models with baseline adjustments. A significant time \u00d7 condition interaction effect was detected for systolic BP (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.037) with an increase in CON (mean difference [MD]\u00a0=\u00a015\u00a0mmHg [95% CI: 8, 23],\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) but not ACT (MD\u00a0=\u00a04\u00a0mmHg [95% CI: \u22124, 11],\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.334). A significant time effect was detected for cfPWV, with an increase across both CON and ACT conditions (MD\u00a0=\u00a00.76\u00a0m\/s [95% CI: 0.52, 0.99],\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). For CHD patients, light activity breaks every 30 min can attenuate the impact of prolonged sitting on BP but not arterial stiffness; higher frequency or intensity of activity breaks may be required for better preservation of cardiovascular function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:59:48Z","timestamp":1774961988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effects of uninterrupted and interrupted sitting on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in patients with established coronary heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0376-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Fryer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Education, and Science, Oxstalls Campus University of Gloucestershire  Gloucestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Scarle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Education, and Science, Oxstalls Campus University of Gloucestershire  Gloucestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0847-2232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Education, and Science, Oxstalls Campus University of Gloucestershire  Gloucestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4242-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arsalan","family":"Moinuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Education, and Science, Oxstalls Campus University of Gloucestershire  Gloucestershire UK"},{"name":"Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical &amp; Health Sciences  Dehradun India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3704-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Faulkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Research Centre, Aldermoor Health Centre University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-2091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayley","family":"Legg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Education, and Science, Oxstalls Campus University of Gloucestershire  Gloucestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3125-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6572-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keeron","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Innovation and Development (CURIAD) Cardiff Metropolitan University  Cardiff UK"},{"name":"National Cardiovascular Research Network  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00379-2","article-title":"Role of endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease","volume":"79","author":"Abrams J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01915-z","article-title":"The effect of sitting duration on peripheral blood pressure responses to prolonged sitting, with and without interruption: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"54","author":"Adams N. T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Balk E. M. Earley A. Patel K. Trikalinos T. A. &Dahabreh I. J.(2013).Empirical assessment of within\u2010arm correlation imputation in trials of continuous outcomes(Methods Research Report No. 12(13)\u2010EHC141\u2010EF). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butlin M. Qasem A. &Avolio A. P.(2012).Estimation of central aortic pressure waveform features derived from the brachial cuff volume displacement waveform. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6346494"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328363c789","article-title":"Carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity assessment using novel cuff\u2010based techniques: Comparison with tonometric measurement","volume":"31","author":"Butlin M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.10.014","article-title":"Impact of prolonged sitting on peripheral and central vascular health","volume":"123","author":"Credeur D. P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.721","article-title":"A qualitative study of perceived barriers and facilitators to interrupting sedentary behavior among adults living with obesity","volume":"10","author":"Curran F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity Science & Practice"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001101","article-title":"Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief bouts of light walking or simple resistance activities reduces resting blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline in type 2 diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Dempsey P. C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"10051","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30370-1","article-title":"Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta\u2010analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women","volume":"388","author":"Ekelund U.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1107456","article-title":"Localized activity attenuates the combined impact of a high fat meal and prolonged sitting on arterial stiffness: A randomized, controlled cross\u2010over trial","volume":"14","author":"Fryer S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-021-00708-z","article-title":"Central and peripheral arterial stiffness responses to uninterrupted prolonged sitting combined with a high\u2010fat meal: A randomized controlled crossover trial","volume":"44","author":"Fryer S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000000178","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery disease: Assessment, prognosis, and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Matsuzawa Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coronary Artery Disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X251333672","article-title":"The effects of acute exposure to prolonged sitting, with and without interruption, on central and peripheral pulse wave velocity: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"30","author":"Moinuddin A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vascular Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"Ecological validity of prolonged sitting studies: How well do they represent real\u2010life sedentary patterns? A pilot study","volume":"7","author":"O'Brien M. W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01614-7","article-title":"The effects of acute exposure to prolonged sitting, with and without interruption, on peripheral blood pressure among adults: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"52","author":"Paterson C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00361.2023","article-title":"The effect of cardiorespiratory fitness and habitual physical activity on cardiovascular responses to 2\u00a0h of uninterrupted sitting","volume":"136","author":"Paterson C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000115224.88514.3A","article-title":"Exercise and hypertension","volume":"36","author":"Pescatello L. S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10120480","article-title":"Exercise\u2010induced blood pressure dynamics: Insights from the general population and the athletic cohort","volume":"10","author":"Pesova P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease"},{"issue":"10285","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00590-0","article-title":"Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: An individual participant\u2010level data meta\u2010analysis","volume":"397","author":"Rahimi K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22956","article-title":"The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on blood pressure, and on left atrial and ventricular functions in hypertensive patients","volume":"49","author":"Sahin A. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Ultrasound"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-11-32","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"11","author":"Schulz K. F.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087444","article-title":"Validity and reliability of lower\u2010limb pulse\u2010wave velocity assessments using an oscillometric technique","volume":"104","author":"Stone K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Experimental Physiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002937","article-title":"The aortic\u2010femoral arterial stiffness gradient is blood pressure independent in older adults: The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study","volume":"39","author":"Stone K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-021-00712-3","article-title":"The aortic\u2010femoral arterial stiffness gradient demonstrates good between\u2010day reliability","volume":"44","author":"Stone K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23392","article-title":"Aortic\u2010femoral stiffness gradient and cardiovascular risk in older adults","volume":"81","author":"Stone K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.716938","article-title":"A primer on repeated sitting exposure and the cardiovascular system: Considerations for study design, analysis, interpretation, and translation","volume":"8","author":"Stoner L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.11395","article-title":"Use of ultrasound for non\u2010invasive assessment of flow\u2010mediated dilation","volume":"19","author":"Stoner L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0525-8","article-title":"Sedentary behavior research network (SBRN)\u2013terminology consensus project process and outcome","volume":"14","author":"Tremblay M. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.061","article-title":"Prediction of cardiovascular events and all\u2010cause mortality with arterial stiffness: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"55","author":"Vlachopoulos C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2018-0224","article-title":"Acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent physical activity on blood pressure in preadolescent children","volume":"31","author":"Weston E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatric Exercise Science"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093399","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP093399","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:59:54Z","timestamp":1774961994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP093399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP093399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep093399","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"EP093399"}}