{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:08:58Z","timestamp":1789848538909,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Female physiological responses to hypoxia remain underexplored, despite growing participation in mountaineering expeditions. Pulmonary interstitial oedema described during acute hypobaric hypoxia can be exacerbated by prolonged physical exercise. It is unclear whether these factors alter the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. We tested the hypothesis that prolonged exercise at terrestrial high altitude would result in interstitial oedema, quantified as B\u2010lines by lung ultrasound, decreased respiratory reactance (\n                    <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and lower respiratory resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), probably owing to reduced air density. Seven women, participating in the 2024 K2 female expedition, underwent respiratory oscillometry at Skardu (2228\u00a0m), Goro II (4319\u00a0m) and K2 Base Camp (5100\u00a0m) at 6\u00a0h post\u2010arrival (K2BC1), after 24\u00a0h (K2BC2) and post\u2010descent from camp I\u2013II (K2BCPC; 6060 and 6654\u00a0m). The B\u2010lines and systolic pulmonary artery pressure were assessed at Skardu, K2BC2 and K2BCPC. The inspiratory component of\n                    <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>\n                    became more negative with increasing altitude (e.g., Skardu vs. K2BC1, \u22121.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25\u00a0vs. \u22121.62\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.27\u00a0cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\u00b7s\/L;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.003), indicating reduced lung compliance. Both B\u2010lines (1.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4\u00a0vs. 11.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.3;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.039) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (21.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.7\u00a0vs. 33.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7\u00a0mmHg;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) increased significantly from Skardu to K2BCPC. The inspiratory component of\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>\n                    decreased from Skardu to K2BC2 (2.88\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.69\u00a0vs. 2.34\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.82\u00a0cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\u00b7s\/L;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.003). In women, prolonged exercise at high altitude promotes the development of interstitial oedema (shown by the increase in B\u2010lines), which is accompanied by a reduction in inspiratory\n                    <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>\n                    , indicative of increased lung stiffness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:47:33Z","timestamp":1771256853000},"page":"2324-2333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breathtaking heights: Lung mechanics and pulmonary extravascular fluid accumulation in female climbers during the K2 expedition"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3414-2608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guia","family":"Tagliapietra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Medicina di Montagna (SIMeM)  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale Pio","family":"Pompilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restech SRL  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Veneroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Bizzotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restech SRL  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Dellac\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Strapazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Medicina di Montagna (SIMeM)  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Mountain Clinic and Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research  Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Medicina di Montagna (SIMeM)  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Mountain Clinic and Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research  Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Pratali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Medicina di Montagna (SIMeM)  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences National Research Council  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Cogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Medicina di Montagna (SIMeM)  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Exercise and Sport Science Center University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The K2\u201070 Operation Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8772-2_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2017.0160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01970-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-6958-6-1-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000196717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2011.0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07496-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00185808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00346.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.6.1407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2020.00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2023.0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.47.4.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0208-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00753-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.16.2078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2024.0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05066-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00126212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/08-WEME-BR-228R2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00677.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e8ae0e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01954-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2017.0164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79702-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202306-0975OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14781"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093452","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP093452","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:53:57Z","timestamp":1789847637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP093452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP093452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep093452","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}