{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:54:50Z","timestamp":1781744090940,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L30HD116268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L30HD116268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD112258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD112258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD099340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD099340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25POST1359671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25POST1359671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stroke is a leading cause of long\u2010term disability, impacting the cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular and neuromotor systems. Characterising vascular responses to exercise post\u2010stroke offers valuable insights into the impairments that might influence outcomes during neurorehabilitation. We have shown a blunted cerebrovascular response to moderate\u2010intensity continuous exercise and high\u2010intensity interval exercise in individuals post\u2010stroke compared with control subjects. We have also shown an inability of the peripheral microvasculature to vasodilate in response to movement, potentially contributing to an attenuated peripheral blood flow response to submaximal and maximal isometric quadricep contractions. Reduced blood flow responses to exercise within both the cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular systems might thus have detrimental effects on the downstream tissues, influencing neuromotor function and stroke recovery. By identifying the exact mechanisms contributing to poor cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular responses to exercise, we can implement targeted interventions, such as mitochondria\u2010targeted antioxidants and\/or ischaemic conditioning. Leveraging the interdependent relationship between vascular health and neuromotor function might optimise post\u2010stroke rehabilitation and accelerate functional recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:18:41Z","timestamp":1781741921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stroke neurovascular responses to exercise: A novel rehabilitation paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8701-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicen A.","family":"Whitaker\u2010Hilbig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison S.","family":"Hyngstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Marquette University  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"American Heart Association. (2023).Rehab Therapy After a Stroke https:\/\/www.stroke.org\/en\/life\u2010after\u2010stroke\/stroke\u2010rehab\/rehab\u2010therapy\u2010after\u2010a\u2010stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-025-01120-0","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction after stroke: An overview of recent clinical evidence and perspectives on therapeutic management","volume":"35","author":"Barkhudaryan A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical Autonomic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00601.2023","article-title":"Peripheral vascular function in stroke: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"136","author":"Bartsch B. L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017821","article-title":"Pilot study to characterize middle cerebral artery dynamic response to an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010months poststroke","volume":"10","author":"Billinger S. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"lb852","article-title":"MitoQ supplementation improves leg\u2010extension power in healthy late middle\u2010aged and older adults","volume":"31","author":"Bispham N. Z.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.046144","article-title":"Effect of remote ischemic conditioning in ischemic stroke subtypes: A post hoc subgroup analysis from the RESIST trial","volume":"55","author":"Blauenfeldt R. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke; A Journal of Cerebral Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0033","article-title":"Optimal intensity and duration of walking rehabilitation in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"80","author":"Boyne P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102341","article-title":"MitoQ supplementation augments acute exercise\u2010induced increases in muscle PGC1\u03b1 mRNA and improves training\u2010induced increases in peak power independent of mitochondrial content and function in untrained middle\u2010aged men","volume":"53","author":"Broome S. 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Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111408","article-title":"Beyond pharmacology: The biological mechanisms of remote ischemic conditioning in cerebrovascular disease","volume":"14","author":"Qin L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10787","article-title":"Chronic supplementation with a mitochondrial antioxidant (MitoQ) improves vascular function in healthy older adults","volume":"71","author":"Rossman M. 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