{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:17:42Z","timestamp":1787887062005,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Acute heat stress reduces cerebral haemodynamics and orthostatic tolerance. However, the haemodynamic response to orthostasis during prolonged heat stress typical of heatwaves is unknown. We hypothesised that thermoregulatory\u2010induced elevations in peripheral haemodynamics during 3\u00a0days of simulated heatwave would exacerbate orthostatic\u2010induced reductions in cerebral haemodynamics observed in temperate conditions. Seven males (22\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 years) maintained a standard work\/rest ratio during temperate (\u223c25.4\u00b0C) and heatwave (\u223c35.4\u00b0C) conditions. Gastrointestinal core, mean skin and body () temperatures, haemoglobin concentration, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral and peripheral haemodynamics (middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA\n v<\/jats:sub>\n ), internal carotid, vertebral, and superficial femoral artery blood flow (sFA\n bf<\/jats:sub>\n )) were assessed at rest. MAP, middle cerebral artery vascular conductance index (MCA\n VCi<\/jats:sub>\n ), and superficial femoral artery vascular conductance (sFA\n VC<\/jats:sub>\n ) were measured during orthostasis caused by 60\u00b0 head\u2010up tilt. Heatwave increased resting (+0.76\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.24\u00b0C,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.001,\n d\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 3.02 vs. temperate), haemoglobin concentration (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.004), sFA\n bf<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.001) and sFA (+34.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.0\u00a0mL\u00a0O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u00a0min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.001,\n d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a02.61) and global cerebral (+21.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.8\u00a0mL\u00a0O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u00a0min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.009,\n d\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.71) oxygen delivery, whereas MAP (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.729) and MCA\n v<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.687) were unchanged. During tilt, MCA\n VCi<\/jats:sub>\n reductions were comparable between conditions (day \u00d7 posture interaction,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.959; posture main effect, \u22120.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.06\u00a0cm\u00a0s\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n \u00a0mmHg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.001,\n d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a02.05) whilst the heatwave\u2010induced elevation in sFA\n VC<\/jats:sub>\n was reduced (interaction,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.008). In conclusion, orthostatic\u2010induced reductions in cerebral haemodynamics were not exacerbated across heatwave days, whereas the heatwave\u2010induced elevation in resting supine peripheral haemodynamics was attenuated during orthostasis. Additionally, resting global cerebral oxygen delivery was increased during the latter heatwave days. These divergent cerebral and peripheral haemodynamic responses in males suggest cerebral perfusion and oxygen delivery are prioritised during prolonged heat stress.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:25:30Z","timestamp":1787883930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cerebral and peripheral haemodynamics at rest and in response to orthostasis during 3\u00a0days of simulated heatwave"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9533-5732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Friend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Psychology and Sport Science, College of Medicine and Health Bangor University Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9971-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Psychology and Sport Science, College of Medicine and Health Bangor University Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-6561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia L.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK"},{"name":"Department of Sports Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7754-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Possnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella M. K.","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason T.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Tsoutsoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Mantzios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science University of Thessaly Trikala Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8382-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ur\u0161a","family":"Ciuha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas G.","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5930-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor B.","family":"Mekjavic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin S.","family":"Lawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science, Division of Performance Physiology and Prevention University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00291.2020","article-title":"Whole body passive heating versus dynamic lower body exercise: A comparison of peripheral hemodynamic profiles","volume":"130","author":"Amin S. 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