{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:18:08Z","timestamp":1788290288014,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exposure to microgravity is associated with stature increases, moderate\u2010to\u2010severe back\/neck pain and elevated lumbar and cervical intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation risk post\u2010flight. Whilst lumbar pathophysiology has been investigated, little attention has been placed on the cervical spine. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 4\u00a0h of hyper\u2010buoyancy flotation (HBF) and subsequent 15\u00a0min of upright 1\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure on stature, cervical IVD height, cervical muscle cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and thickness, passive cervical vertebral stiffness, and their association with stature changes and\/or neck pain. To investigate this, 12 healthy volunteers (five male; 30.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.2 years, 66.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.7\u00a0kg, 173.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.5\u00a0cm) participated. Stature was assessed at Pre HBF, after 4\u00a0h of supine HBF (Post HBF), and following 15\u00a0min of upright 1\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure (Post 1G). Cervical IVD height (C3\u2013T1), longus colli and semispinalis cervicis CSA and thickness, passive vertebral stiffness (C2\u2013L5), and neck pain were assessed at Pre HBF, HBF0, HBF2, HBF4 and Post 1G. Results indicated that 4\u00a0h HBF significantly increased stature (+1.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5\u00a0cm), which was partially reduced after acute 1\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure (\u22120.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0cm). Cervical IVD height increased at all levels following HBF, with partial reversal at Post 1G, particularly in the lower cervical region. Longus colli and semispinalis cervicis CSA and thickness were unchanged. Passive vertebral stiffness significantly decreased (across the entire column and most regions) following HBF and was only partially restored after 1\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure. Neck pain increased during HBF and was reduced after 1\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure. No associations were observed between neck pain and stature or IVD changes. However, neck pain at HBF4 was positively correlated with mid\u2010cervical vertebral stiffness (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.587,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.045). Overall, 4\u00a0h HBF induced mild neck pain, increased stature and cervical IVD height, all of which were partially reduced after 15\u00a0min of upright 1\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure. No changes in longus colli or semispinalis cervicis muscle thickness or CSA were observed. Passive cervical vertebral stiffness decreased following HBF and remained below baseline after 1\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure. A positive correlation between neck pain at HBF4 and mid\u2010cervical vertebral stiffness suggests modulation of vertebral column stabilisation may contribute to symptoms. The lack of association between neck pain and IVD expansion suggests that vertebral flattening may play a role and therefore warrants direct evaluation with HBF and following spaceflight.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:45:18Z","timestamp":1780670718000},"page":"4166-4178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hyper\u2010buoyancy flotation increases cervical disc height and reduces vertebral stiffness, with only partial reversal after acute 1\u00a0\n                    <i>g<\/i>\n                    axial loading"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0132-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Marcos\u2010Lorenzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Autonomous University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Corujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Gil Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CranioSpain Research Group Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Unit of Physiotherapy Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010Carlos III, Institute for Health Research, IdIPAZ  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1754-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Swanenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute of Aerospace Medicine, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Integrative Spinal Research ISR, Department of Chiropractic Medicine Balgrist University Hospital  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8634-8769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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