{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:00:21Z","timestamp":1786114821908,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Clinicians often view exposure to supplementary oxygen in preterm infants as a simple reciprocal trade\u2010off between mortality and the risk of vision\u2010threatening retinopathy, but this perspective oversimplifies the underlying physiology. Oxygen moves through a series of spatially distinct compartments without intrinsic regulation, with Fick's law governing the entire process. We suggest that retinopathy of prematurity and cerebral palsy represent opposite ends of a shared continuum of oxygen diffusion injury. Several physiological concepts define this risk matrix. The\n                    <jats:italic>spatial critical threshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    indicates the structural limits of immature microvasculature that impact the diffusion radius. The\n                    <jats:italic>extinction gradient<\/jats:italic>\n                    marks the point at which the capillary\u2010to\u2010cell gradient becomes flat, leading to flux collapse and intracellular hypoxia. Conversely, the\n                    <jats:italic>hyperoxic injury threshold<\/jats:italic>\n                    identifies the point at which intracellular oxygen tension becomes harmful. Lastly,\n                    <jats:italic>buffering capacity<\/jats:italic>\n                    refers to the oxygen bound to haemoglobin in the venous circulation, downstream of metabolism, which is available to buffer temporary mismatches between delivery and consumption. These thresholds explain how hyperoxia and hypoxia can coexist within the same capillary, clarifying distinct clinical phenotypes. Framing oxygen injury this way clarifies contradictions in neonatal trials and offers a physiological model relevant to other diffusion\u2010limited conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T16:59:07Z","timestamp":1775581147000},"page":"2485-2493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxygen diffusion kinetics, buffering capacity and phenotype: A narrative review of oxygen physiology and later phenotype in very preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1364-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chad C","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute Adelaide University  North Adelaide SA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Women's and Children's Hospital  North Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6375-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle N","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute Adelaide University  North Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara M","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute Adelaide University  North Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1835-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute Adelaide University  North Adelaide SA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Women's and Children's Hospital  North Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(65)80114-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1117"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.5725"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa023080"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.9.091307"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.003450"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/106125a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199808000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302298"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80407-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0048"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92610-X"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"The effect of blood transfusion on the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve of very early preterm infants during the first week of life","volume":"26","author":"De Halleux V.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)80467-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202404-443OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10690"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2024-327643"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000244292.86627.1e"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2928.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207554"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1956.00930040489001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(55)91618-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2020248"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.82.3.F182"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","volume-title":"Nunn and Lumb's Applied Respiratory Physiology","author":"Lumb A. B.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.48.6.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02482615"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000351346"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072313"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8841"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5555"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/pm-21-77"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101080"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340101074"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","article-title":"Automated oxygen delivery for preterm infants with respiratory dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Stafford I. G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911781"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312172"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80032-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0338"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)69126-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-53366-9.00019-3"}],"container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093607","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/EP093607","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/EP093607","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T21:36:50Z","timestamp":1785965810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/EP093607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/EP093607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/ep093607","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-0670","1469-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-0670","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}