{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T01:06:57Z","timestamp":1779498417964,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Passive heat therapy can improve cardiometabolic health outcomes in some clinical populations, making it a potential therapeutic tool for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), who exhibit elevated cardiometabolic disease risk and face barriers to physical activity. Following a no\u2010intervention run\u2010in of 8\u00a0weeks (Control), 10 adults with chronic SCI (age: 48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014\u00a0years; lesion level: C4\u2013T12, body mass index: 29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02) attended thrice weekly sessions over 8\u00a0weeks (Intervention), during which sublingual temperature was raised by 1\u00b0C using a water\u2010perfused suit and heated blankets. An oral glucose tolerance test, resting plasma interleukin 6, C\u2010reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 concentration, as well as the skin hyperaemic response to local heating of 39\u00b0C and 45\u00b0C were assessed at baseline, after Control and Intervention. Adherence, safety and tolerability was monitored throughout the intervention. While one participant dropped\u2010out after 18 intervention sessions due to a medical issue unrelated to the intervention, adherence was 100% in the remaining nine participants and tolerated well. Glucose tolerance did not differ between Control and Intervention (glucose area under the curve Control: 7410\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06088\u00a0mg\/dl*180min, Intervention: 8253\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02139\u00a0mg\/dl*180min;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.857). Similarly, neither inflammatory markers (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.055) nor hyperaemic responses to local skin heating (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.829) changed after intervention. In summary, passive heat therapy that raised sublingual temperature by 1\u00b0C was well tolerated, but did not change outcomes associated with cardiometabolic health and inflammation in persons with chronic SCI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T01:05:02Z","timestamp":1777165502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Passive heat therapy is feasible but does not affect cardiometabolic health outcomes in persons with spinal cord injury \u2013 a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1597-162X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven P.","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Texas Health at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science St. Mary's University  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3539-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christof A.","family":"Leicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Dean","family":"Kellogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Veteran's Health Care System  San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Health at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Veteran's Health Care System  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Veteran's Health Care System  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8417-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Uhlig\u2010Reche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Texas Health at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veteran's Health Care System  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Trbovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Texas Health at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veteran's Health Care System  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00396.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00141.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00424.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01397.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00693.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436074.98534.6e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00549.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2017.1288688"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(67)90002-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00893.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.11.3.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2018.1511838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00816.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Elevating body temperature to reduce low\u2010grade inflammation: A welcome strategy for those unable to exercise?","volume":"26","author":"Hoekstra S. 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