{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:08:45Z","timestamp":1789848525140,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K19949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K19949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H04086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H04086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K18299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K18299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Orthostatic stress reduces venous return and stroke volume (SV), risking cerebral hypoperfusion despite autonomic compensation. Although lower\u2010limb counterpressure manoeuvres improve cerebral perfusion in upright posture, their effects on cerebral blood velocity (CBV) during lower\u2010body negative pressure (LBNP) and the associated mechanisms are not fully defined. We therefore tested whether isometric lower\u2010limb contraction is associated with preservation of CBV during LBNP, accompanied by attenuated effects of preload reduction. Thirteen healthy young adults (age: 25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0years; 5 women) completed randomized trials under two conditions: off\u2010feet (saddle support, relaxed legs) and on\u2010feet (isometric bracing against a footplate with slight knee flexion). Each condition included 6\u00a0min exposures to \u221230 and \u221250\u00a0mmHg. Systemic vascular conductance declined with increasing LBNP, whereas mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained in both conditions. At \u221250\u00a0mmHg, CBV decreased off\u2010feet but was preserved on\u2010feet; SV fell less and the compensatory rise in heart rate (HR) was attenuated on\u2010feet. Repeated\u2010measure correlations showed that CBV tracked SV (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.388,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.002) and end\u2010tidal CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.318,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.012), was inversely related to HR (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.448,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.001) and was unrelated to MAP (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.003,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.980) or systemic vascular conductance (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.193,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.129). Thus, isometric lower\u2010limb engagement is associated with preservation of CBV during LBNP, in a manner consistent with preload\u2010mediated effects rather than augmented peripheral vasoconstriction. These findings are consistent with proposed mechanisms underlying physical counterpressure manoeuvres and support simple lower\u2010limb isometric actions to improve orthostatic tolerance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep093648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T14:19:48Z","timestamp":1770214788000},"page":"1756-1765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On\u2010feet isometric bracing maintains cerebral arterial blood velocity during lower body negative pressure via preload augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2603-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Sugawara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Center for Self\u2010Care Technology  Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Fukuie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5936-0332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsubasa","family":"Tomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Center for Self\u2010Care Technology  Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7061-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Tarumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Center for Self\u2010Care Technology  Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai","family":"Hirasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Science Kyorin University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5008-153X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeki","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Science Kyorin University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.6.0769"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00456"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00797.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00022.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01155.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-1044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.118158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00006.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.70128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00979.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.5.H2399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00127.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195073621.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03702.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00266.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-6772.2003.01211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"412","article-title":"Dynamic 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